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What Is OpenClaw and How to Run It on a VPS

OpenClaw is a self-hosted Gateway for connecting chat apps to AI coding agents. This guide explains VPS requirements, installation, SSH and Tailscale access, security, backups, tuning, and recovery.
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OpenClaw is a self-hosted Gateway that connects chat applications to AI coding agents. Running that Gateway on a virtual private server (VPS) keeps it online when your laptop is closed, while the server retains the sessions, routing configuration, channel connections, and working files. The practical setup is: provision a Linux VPS, secure SSH access, install a supported Node.js release and OpenClaw, complete onboarding, install the managed Gateway service, and access the dashboard through an SSH tunnel or a private mesh network rather than exposing it directly to the internet.

What OpenClaw is

OpenClaw is an open-source, MIT-licensed Gateway for connecting chat channels with AI coding agents. A single Gateway process coordinates channel connections, sessions, routing, the command-line interface, the web Control UI, and optional local nodes. That design gives you one place to manage conversations and agent work instead of running a separate integration for every messaging application.

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The project is aimed at developers, power users, and teams that want an assistant available at all times while keeping infrastructure and data under their own control. Telegram, Discord, Slack, and WhatsApp are among the channel integrations available through the documented setup flow.

“The Gateway is the single source of truth for sessions, routing, and channel connections.”

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On a VPS, the Gateway is the long-running service. Your workstation or phone becomes a client that reaches the Control UI through a protected connection, while the server keeps the durable state and workspace. This distinction matters: if the VPS is lost and you have no backup, reinstalling the software alone will not restore your sessions or work files.

Why run OpenClaw on a VPS?

Continuous availability

A VPS normally runs continuously in a datacenter, so the Gateway can receive messages and perform scheduled or long-running work while your personal computer is offline. You can reconnect from another device without moving the service or its configuration.

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One authoritative workspace

The VPS should be treated as the source of truth for Gateway state and workspace data. Keep project files, channel configuration, session data, and operational backups there rather than relying on a laptop copy that may be stale.

Remote administration

SSH provides administrative access, and the web Control UI provides a convenient way to monitor and use the Gateway. Remote access is a security decision, not merely a convenience feature: decide whether administration will be SSH-only, tailnet-only, or reachable through another authenticated network path before you expose any service.

Trade-offs

  • You are responsible for SSH security, operating-system updates, account separation, backups, and recovery.
  • A VPS introduces recurring infrastructure charges and possible network latency between the server, you, and connected channels.
  • Small instances can experience memory pressure during concurrent agent work, dependency installation, or channel processing.
  • Provider storage and snapshot behavior determine how quickly you can recover after a failed upgrade or deleted server.

What you need before installation

  • A Linux VPS or cloud VM with SSH access. Choose a persistent disk and a region that gives acceptable latency to you and the channels you use.
  • Node.js 24.16 or newer, or Node.js 26.1 or newer. The installation documentation recommends Node 26 when available.
  • An API key from your chosen AI provider. You will supply or authorize this during onboarding.
  • An access plan. Decide whether the Gateway remains on loopback and is reached through an SSH tunnel or Tailscale Serve, or whether it will bind to a private LAN or tailnet address with authentication.
  • A backup plan. Back up both Gateway state and the workspace, and confirm how you would restore them to a replacement VM.

There is no universal official minimum for CPU cores, RAM, disk capacity, or monthly VPS cost. Actual requirements depend on the number of channels, simultaneous sessions, agent workloads, dependency builds, and the size of the workspace. Treat any sizing number published by a hosting company or community post as a workload-specific suggestion, not an OpenClaw requirement.

Choosing a VPS or cloud platform

The official provider picker lists several deployment paths. No single provider is automatically best; compare the operational details that affect an always-on Gateway.

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Option What to examine before choosing
Azure SSH and firewall controls, region availability, persistent-disk and snapshot recovery, and the cost structure of small virtual machines.
DigitalOcean Simple VM provisioning, SSH key management, regional latency, backups or snapshots, and how storage persists when a VM is rebuilt.
Fly.io Private networking, persistent-volume behavior, region placement, and the amount of hands-on administration required for a long-running process.
Google Cloud (GCP) Firewall rules, IAM and SSH options, disk snapshots, region choice, and billing for always-on compute and storage.
Hetzner Available regions, ARM versus x86 choices, snapshot and backup features, and performance consistency on the smallest plans.
Northflank Managed deployment controls, persistent storage, shell access, private networking, and the recovery procedure if a workload is recreated.
Oracle Cloud Availability of the chosen VM shape, persistent storage, firewall configuration, regional capacity, and the terms of any free allocation.
Railway Persistent volume support, service restart behavior, outbound network access, and how you would obtain an administrative shell for diagnostics.
Render Whether the selected service type is continuously running, how disks persist, private networking options, and the backup workflow.
Raspberry Pi Physical power and network reliability, ARM compatibility, local backup media, and whether you can maintain the device and its operating system.
Upstash Box Persistent storage, SSH or equivalent administration, region and latency, and the provider’s recovery and billing terms.
AWS EC2, Lightsail, or free tier Security groups, static addressing, EBS or attached-disk persistence, snapshots, regional pricing, and the limits or expiration conditions of free-tier offers.

Compare current prices and billing terms directly with the provider at the time you deploy; those values change by region, machine size, storage, bandwidth, taxes, and promotional status. Also check whether the platform offers x86 or ARM. ARM can be cost-effective, but a dependency or binary that assumes x86 may require an alternative package or build step.

Secure the VPS before exposing OpenClaw

Harden SSH administration

Create a dedicated administrative account, use key-based authentication, apply the host’s security updates, and restrict inbound traffic with the provider firewall and the operating-system firewall. Do not make the Gateway’s web interface a substitute for SSH hardening.

If you want tailnet-only administration, the VPS guide recommends installing Tailscale first, connecting the server to your tailnet, and verifying a second SSH session through its Tailscale address. Only after that verification should you restrict or remove public SSH access. Keep the first SSH session open until the second path has been tested successfully.

Use separate identities for shared environments

Run team deployments in a dedicated runtime and with dedicated operating-system accounts. Do not sign that shared runtime into a personal Apple, Google, browser, or password-manager account. When team members may be adversarial toward one another, use separate Gateways, hosts, or OS users rather than assuming channel permissions provide isolation.

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Plan backups before the first message

Back up the Gateway state and workspace to storage independent of the VM. A snapshot is useful for whole-disk recovery, while a file-level backup can restore selected projects or configuration. Test that the backup can be read and that you know the order for restoring the files, reinstalling the service, and reconnecting channels.

Install OpenClaw on the VPS

1. Provision and connect to the server

  1. Create a Linux VPS with persistent storage and a region suitable for your users and channels.
  2. Install your SSH key and complete the host and firewall hardening described above.
  3. Connect over SSH using the dedicated administrative account. If you are using a tailnet, verify the private SSH path before restricting public access.

2. Run the official installer

From the SSH session, run:

curl -fsSL https://openclaw.ai/install.sh | bash

The installer detects the operating system, installs Node when necessary, installs OpenClaw, and starts onboarding. If your organization’s policy does not permit piping a remote script directly to a shell, download and review the script through your approved process, then run the resulting installer according to that policy.

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3. Complete onboarding

Onboarding offers a quick path and a custom path. Quick start can reuse detected AI access, verify it with a real completion, and open the web dashboard. Custom setup walks through the complete configuration when you need to choose settings explicitly or are deploying for a team.

Provide the API key from your selected AI provider when prompted. Keep the key in the Gateway’s protected server environment and do not paste it into a public channel or commit it to a project repository.

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4. Install the managed Gateway service

Install the service with either command:

openclaw gateway install
openclaw onboard --install-daemon

On Linux and WSL2, this creates a systemd user service. A managed service lets the Gateway run independently of an interactive shell and gives you a standard status and restart path.

5. Verify the installation

Run each check from the server:

openclaw --version
openclaw doctor
openclaw gateway status

The version command confirms what was installed. The doctor command checks for common configuration or environment problems. Gateway status confirms whether the managed service is running and exposes the information you need for the next access step.

6. Open the dashboard and connect a channel

Start the dashboard locally with:

openclaw dashboard

Use the documented channel setup to connect Telegram, Discord, Slack, WhatsApp, or another supported application. Send a controlled test message, confirm that the expected agent responds, and check the service status again before inviting other users.

Access the dashboard remotely without opening it to the internet

Option A: keep the Gateway on loopback and use an SSH tunnel

This is the secure default recommended for a single operator. The Gateway listens only on the VPS itself, and SSH forwards a local browser port to the Gateway port. Obtain the actual Gateway port from the dashboard or status output, then create the tunnel from your computer:

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ssh -N -L 127.0.0.1:LOCAL_PORT:127.0.0.1:GATEWAY_PORT USER@VPS_ADDRESS

Keep that SSH process running while you use the Control UI, and open the local address and port shown by OpenClaw. Replace the capitalized values with your local port, the Gateway’s listening port, your SSH account, and the server address. Because the listener remains on your own computer, no public web port is required.

Option B: use Tailscale Serve

Tailscale Serve can publish the loopback service inside your tailnet without making it publicly reachable. Use this when your laptop and phone are already members of the same trusted tailnet. Keep the Gateway’s listener private, restrict tailnet membership, and remove devices or users that no longer need access.

Option C: bind to a private network address

If you bind the Gateway to lan or tailnet, configure gateway.auth.token or gateway.auth.password, unless authentication is delegated to a trusted proxy. A network bind without authentication is not an acceptable shortcut. Limit firewall rules to the private network and verify that the dashboard is not reachable from the public internet.

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Operate, back up, and recover the Gateway

Back up both state and workspace

The Gateway owns two categories of data that matter: its operational state and the workspace used by agents. Schedule backups for both, retain more than one recovery point, and store at least one copy outside the VPS. A backup that contains only source files but not Gateway state may leave you without sessions and routing configuration; a state-only backup may omit the projects agents need.

Use snapshots deliberately

Take a provider snapshot before major operating-system, Node, or OpenClaw changes when your platform supports it. Snapshots are not a complete backup strategy: they can share the same account, region, or storage failure as the original VM. Combine them with an independent file-level copy.

Keep an outage runbook

  • Record the VPS provider, region, server address, SSH account, and the private access method.
  • Record where Gateway state and workspace backups live and how to decrypt or retrieve them.
  • Document the channel credentials and the order in which channels should be reconnected.
  • Keep the verification commands openclaw doctor and openclaw gateway status in the runbook.

Tune OpenClaw on small VMs and ARM hosts

The official VPS guidance includes two environment variables for constrained systems:

  • NODE_COMPILE_CACHE=/var/tmp/openclaw-compile-cache stores Node compilation artifacts so repeated command and worker starts can avoid rebuilding the same code.
  • OPENCLAW_NO_RESPAWN=1 keeps routine Gateway restarts in-process instead of respawning, which can reduce overhead on low-power hosts.

Apply these variables in the environment used by the managed service, not only in an interactive shell; otherwise systemd may not receive them. On systemd hosts, the guide also suggests a longer TimeoutStartSec when startup is slow and SSD-backed locations for state and caches. Monitor memory and disk usage after enabling any optimization, because a cache still consumes storage and a longer startup timeout can hide a genuinely failed service.

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Troubleshoot common failures

The installer reports an unsupported Node version

Check the installed version and upgrade to Node 24.16 or newer, or Node 26.1 or newer; Node 26 is the documented recommendation. Run onboarding again after the upgrade, then repeat openclaw doctor.

The Gateway is installed but not running

Run openclaw gateway status and openclaw doctor. Check the systemd user-service logs for the first configuration or permission error. Confirm that the service environment contains the API credentials and any tuning variables; variables set only in your SSH shell are not automatically inherited by a user service.

The dashboard works on the VPS but not from your laptop

Confirm that the Gateway is listening on loopback and that your SSH tunnel forwards the same port reported by OpenClaw. Keep the tunnel process open, test the local address shown by the dashboard command, and do not solve a forwarding error by binding the service publicly. For a tailnet setup, verify that both devices are connected to the same tailnet and that the private route is allowed.

A private-network bind is reachable but authentication fails

Check that gateway.auth.token or gateway.auth.password is configured in the Gateway’s actual service environment. If a trusted proxy handles authentication, verify that the proxy is the only permitted network path and that direct access to the Gateway port is blocked.

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The VPS becomes slow or runs out of memory

Inspect concurrent sessions, agent workloads, dependency builds, and cache growth. Reduce simultaneous work, move caches and state to SSD-backed storage, and choose a larger VM if the workload consistently exceeds available memory. There is no official universal RAM threshold; measure your own workload rather than relying on a generic plan label.

Sessions or projects disappear after rebuilding the VM

The replacement server was likely created without restoring Gateway state and workspace. Stop new activity, retrieve the latest independent backup, restore both data sets, reinstall the managed service, and verify with openclaw doctor and openclaw gateway status before reconnecting channels.

A practical security checklist

  • Use SSH keys and a dedicated server account; keep public SSH restricted or remove it after a tested tailnet path is available.
  • Keep the Gateway on loopback unless a private-network bind is necessary.
  • Use an SSH tunnel or Tailscale Serve for remote dashboard access.
  • When binding to lan or tailnet, require gateway.auth.token or gateway.auth.password, or a genuinely trusted authenticating proxy.
  • Run shared team deployments with dedicated OS accounts and runtimes; separate hosts or Gateways when users cannot be trusted with one another’s data.
  • Never place AI-provider keys in chat messages, repositories, or shared personal accounts.
  • Back up Gateway state and workspace independently of the VPS and periodically test restoration.
  • Review firewall rules after every networking change and verify the dashboard is not publicly exposed.

What a good first deployment looks like

For a single operator, the least surprising design is a Linux VPS with persistent SSD storage, a supported Node release, key-based SSH, and the Gateway bound to loopback. Install through the official script, complete onboarding, install the systemd-managed service, verify it with the three OpenClaw commands, and use an SSH tunnel for the dashboard. Add Tailscale when you need convenient access from several trusted devices. Move to a private-network bind only when the operational need is clear and authentication and firewall rules are already defined.

For a team, start with a dedicated runtime and OS account, document who can administer the host, and decide whether members require separate Gateways or hosts. Treat backups and recovery as part of deployment rather than an emergency task. The result is an always-on assistant whose sessions, routing, channels, and workspace remain under your control without turning the Gateway’s web interface into a public target.

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