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What Is Digital Light Processing (DLP)? Definition and Uses

Digital light processing (DLP) controls light with a chip of tiny tilting mirrors. It powers projection and patterned-light applications including resin 3D printing.
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Digital light processing (DLP) is a technology that controls light with a digital micromirror device (DMD), a chip containing an array of tiny tilting mirrors. In a projector, those mirrors direct light through projection optics to form an image. DLP also controls patterned light in applications such as resin 3D printing, automotive lighting and industrial systems.

What do DLP and DMD mean?

DLP stands for digital light processing: the technology used to modulate light. A DMD, or digital micromirror device, is the micromirror chip at the center of a DLP system. The terms are related, but they are not interchangeable: DLP names the technology, while DMD names a key component.

Texas Instruments describes the DMD as a chip covered with microscopic mirrors that tilt to reflect light and create images. Its DLP chipset architecture also uses a controller and driver to coordinate the system’s operation. Texas Instruments’ display and projection overview and its DLP display technology guide explain these components.

How does digital light processing work?

  1. A light source illuminates the DMD’s array of microscopic mirrors.
  2. The mirrors tilt to direct or modulate the light in response to the system’s control signals.
  3. In a display system, projection optics shape the modulated light into a visible image.

This describes the basic mechanism; a specific product’s design can add other components and details. In a resin 3D printer, the patterned light serves a different purpose: it selectively hardens photopolymer resin to form a cross-section of the object.

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Where is DLP used?

Projectors and displays

Projection is a major DLP application. Texas Instruments lists products for home cinema, business and education, portable projection and large venues. The technology is used to form projected images, but it is not limited to video projectors. See TI’s display and projection DMD overview.

Resin 3D printing

In the DLP printing process described by TI, a DMD projects a patterned exposure that hardens selected areas of photopolymer resin for each layer. TI says the described approach can expose a complete layer with one pattern, with build speed independent of layer complexity. That is a description of this approach, not a guarantee for every printer or print job. TI’s DLP 3D-printing product overview covers the process.

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Automotive and industrial systems

DLP’s light-control capabilities also have applications beyond image projection. TI lists adaptive headlights, head-up displays and dynamic interior lighting for automotive systems, as well as machine vision, lithography and spectroscopy for industrial or scientific systems. Its DLP products overview and industrial DMD overview describe these application areas.

Does every DLP projector have 4K resolution?

No. DLP describes a light-modulation technology, not a particular resolution. Texas Instruments says its 4K UHD DLP technology provides 8.3 million distinct pixels to meet the Consumer Technology Association’s definition of true 4K UHD; that figure applies to the TI technology it describes, not to every DLP device. TI’s DLP projection page also presents the vendor’s history of the technology, including its statement that the first film publicly shown on a digital projector using DLP Cinema technology was Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace on May 16, 1999.

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Is DLP better than LCD?

The architecture is different: DLP uses micromirrors to control light, while LCD uses a different light-modulation approach. The TI materials cited here explain DLP but do not establish a general performance ranking against LCD. A fair comparison depends on a particular product and measures such as resolution, brightness, color performance and intended use.

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