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What Is a DSLR? Digital Single-Lens Reflex Explained

A DSLR uses a mirror to direct light from its lens to an optical viewfinder, then moves the mirror aside so a digital sensor can record the photo.
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A DSLR is a digital camera that uses a mirror to direct light from its lens to an optical viewfinder. When you take a photo, the mirror moves aside and the camera’s image sensor records the exposure. DSLR stands for digital single-lens reflex.

What does DSLR stand for?

DSLR expands to digital single-lens reflex. Each word describes part of the camera:

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  • Digital: The image is recorded by an electronic image sensor rather than film.
  • Single-lens: The photographer views and captures the scene through the same taking lens.
  • Reflex: An internal mirror reflects light toward the optical viewfinder.

How does a DSLR work?

For framing, light enters through the lens and strikes a mirror inside the camera. The mirror directs it upward—often through a pentaprism, which redirects the image to the eyepiece—so you can see the scene through the optical viewfinder. Canon describes the lens, optical viewfinder and image sensor as major DSLR components in its overview of digital SLR cameras.

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When you press the shutter button, the mirror moves out of the way. The shutter then controls how light reaches the sensor, which records the photograph. The mirror’s movement briefly interrupts the view through the optical finder during the exposure.

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How is a DSLR different from a mirrorless camera?

The key distinction is the viewing system. A DSLR uses a mirror-based optical path to show the scene through the lens. A mirrorless camera has no reflex mirror; it uses image data from the sensor to display the view electronically, through an electronic viewfinder or on the screen. An electronic viewfinder can also preview the effect of image settings. These are design differences, not a guarantee that one type will take better photographs.

Does every lens fit every DSLR?

No. Lens compatibility depends on the camera’s mount. For example, Canon says its EF lenses fit Canon EOS DSLR bodies in both full-frame and APS-C formats. That is a Canon-specific compatibility statement, not a rule for all camera brands or mounts. Check the lens and camera maker’s compatibility information before using a lens with a body.

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