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1Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errors2Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitches3Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problemsA Charging Downstream Port (CDP) is a USB Battery Charging 1.2 port that can charge a connected device while still supporting USB data communication. Under the BC 1.2 behavior described by Microchip, a portable device can draw up to 1.5 A from a CDP after identifying it through the charging-detection process. That is a standards capability, not a promise about every port marked “charging.”
What “Charging Downstream Port” means
CDP stands for Charging Downstream Port, a port type defined by the USB Battery Charging 1.2 (BC 1.2) framework. It combines two functions: a host or hub can exchange USB data with a connected device, and the port can provide BC 1.2 charging power. Microchip’s technical overview, last modified May 23, 2025, describes CDP charging up to 1.5 A after the device detects the port.
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The term is about BC 1.2 behavior, not the shape of a USB socket. A USB connector or a label such as “charging” does not by itself establish whether the port supports data, which charging standard it uses, or how much current it can supply.
How CDP differs from SDP and DCP
BC 1.2 distinguishes three port types. The central practical difference is whether data works, and how charging is provided:
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| BC 1.2 port type | USB data | Charging behavior |
|---|---|---|
| Standard Downstream Port (SDP) | Yes | Standard host or hub port. Available current follows USB configuration and suspend rules. |
| Charging Downstream Port (CDP) | Yes | Supports BC 1.2 charging; a compliant portable device may draw up to 1.5 A after detection, as described by Microchip. |
| Dedicated Charging Port (DCP) | No | Charging-only BC 1.2 port. The cited USB-IF compliance procedure specifies a shunt of no more than 200 ohms between D+ and D−. |
The port definitions and charging distinctions are explained in Microchip’s BC 1.2 overview; the DCP electrical criterion comes from the USB-IF Battery Charging compliance updates. An SDP is not automatically a fast-charging port: its charging current is governed by USB configuration, speed, and suspend state.
How a device recognizes a CDP
In BC 1.2, a portable device checks the D+ and D− data lines to identify the port. An SDP does not provide the BC 1.2 charging response. A DCP presents a charging signature by connecting D+ and D− through a low-resistance shunt, while a CDP responds to charging detection and keeps data communication available. Microchip explains this handshake in its technical overview.
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This detection mechanism also means a data-capable cable matters: Microchip notes that BC 1.2 charging mechanisms require D+ and D− to be present in the cable. A charge-only cable without those lines cannot support the described handshake and data communication.
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What the BC 1.2 electrical figures do—and do not—tell you
Microchip describes up to 1.5 A as the maximum BC 1.2 current for portable-device behavior on CDP and DCP ports. The actual current depends on the port and connected device; the rating should not be inferred from a generic “charging” label.
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In its published BC 1.2 test procedure, USB-IF specifies that a CDP maintain at least 4.75 V on VBUS under a 1.5 A load. The same procedure specifies a maximum 200-ohm shunt between D+ and D− for DCP behavior. These are details of the cited compliance procedure, not a complete do-it-yourself test recipe or a guarantee that an unverified port meets the criteria. See USB-IF’s Battery Charging compliance updates.
CDP is not USB Power Delivery
CDP is a BC 1.2 port category. USB Power Delivery (USB PD) is a separate power-negotiation specification, and USB-IF says it is designed to coexist with standard USB Battery Charging implementations. USB-IF describes USB PD 3.1 as capable of up to 240 W over a full-featured USB Type-C cable and connector; that figure applies to USB PD, not to a BC 1.2 CDP. See the USB-IF USB Charger (USB Power Delivery) page.
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How to interpret a port label or specification
When checking a computer, hub, charger, or device manual, look for the standard and the port’s stated capabilities rather than relying on the word “charging.” Check these separately:
- Data: Does the port support USB data, or is it charging-only?
- Charging standard: Does the specification identify BC 1.2 CDP, DCP, or another charging system such as USB PD?
- Output: What voltage and current does the manufacturer specify for that particular port?
A port explicitly documented as BC 1.2 CDP supports data and BC 1.2 charging; the standard’s described portable-device ceiling is 1.5 A. A vague label or connector alone cannot confirm CDP behavior or predict a phone’s charging speed.
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