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World desk5 min

What Information Should a Police Complaint Include?

A clear police complaint records what happened, when and where, who was involved, witnesses, available evidence, the impact, and the response sought. The right process depends on the location and whether you are reporting an incident or police conduct.
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A useful police complaint gives a clear account of what happened, when and where it happened, who was involved, who witnessed it, and what evidence may help establish the facts. Include a safe way to contact you if you want follow-up, explain any harm or ongoing concern, and state what response you are seeking. The exact form and recipient depend on whether you are reporting a crime or incident, complaining about police conduct, and where you live.

First, distinguish the two kinds of complaint

A report about a crime or other incident asks police to record or respond to what happened. A complaint about police conduct raises concerns about an officer, staff member, unit, or force. The factual details overlap, but the correct recipient, process, available reporting routes, and any required declarations vary by jurisdiction. The examples below come from several places and are not a single universal procedure.

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What details to include

Describe what happened in sequence

Write events in the order they occurred. Use concrete observations: what you saw, heard, or experienced, what was said or done, and who did it. Separate firsthand knowledge from information someone else gave you. Do not guess at missing details or present a suspected motive as fact.

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Give the date, time, and place

Provide the date and the best time estimate you can, along with the address or a specific location. If you are uncertain, say so—for example, “around 8 pm.” For repeated incidents, record each occurrence separately with its date and time. GOV.UK’s antisocial-behaviour guidance suggests an event diary as possible evidence: report antisocial behaviour.

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Identify the people and witnesses

Give names and useful descriptions of people involved, their roles, and what each person did or saw. Include witness contact details if known and appropriate to share. For a conduct complaint, identify the officer or staff member, police station, unit, or force if you can. If you do not know a name or detail, say that rather than filling the gap with a guess.

Point to evidence

List material that exists or may be available, and where it is or who may hold it. Depending on the situation, this could include messages, documents, photographs, video or phone footage, CCTV, noise recordings, witness statements, medical records, forensic evidence, or records held by police. Lancashire Constabulary’s crime-reporting guidance, for example, asks for details such as date and time, location, people involved, witnesses or suspects, and evidence: report a crime to Lancashire Constabulary. These examples do not make every item mandatory for every complaint.

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Explain the impact and the response you want

Where relevant, describe injury, loss, damage, disruption, safety concerns, or the practical effects of what happened. Say what you want the recipient to do—for example, provide help, investigate, explain a decision, correct a record, or consider other redress. New South Wales Police asks complainants what they expect the force to do: NSW Police complaints. The appropriate request depends on the issue and local process.

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If you are reporting a crime or incident

Prepare the who, what, when, and where, plus people’s descriptions, witness or suspect details if known, and evidence you have or believe may exist. If something has happened before, include a dated record of earlier incidents. GOV.UK’s guidance on antisocial behaviour lists what happened, where, who did what, witnesses, dates and times, recurrence, and possible evidence such as diaries, statements, videos, photographs, and noise recordings: GOV.UK: report antisocial behaviour.

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If someone is in immediate danger or a crime is happening, use your local emergency service. Lancashire Constabulary tells people in its area to call 999 for immediate danger or a crime in progress; that number should not be assumed to apply in other countries: Lancashire Constabulary crime reporting.

If you are complaining about police conduct

State which force or organisation is involved and identify the station, unit, or officer if known. Describe the incident factually, including its date, time, and location; name witnesses; point to relevant records or other evidence; and explain what you believe went wrong and what outcome you are seeking. Avoid claims you cannot support.

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Local routes differ. In England and Wales, the Independent Office for Police Conduct says a complaint may be made directly to the relevant force or organisation, through its online or paper form, by calling 101, or at a police station. It says most complaints are handled by the relevant force and advises complaining as soon as possible, while stating that there is no time limit in that system: IOPC: submit a complaint. These arrangements are specific to England and Wales.

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Anonymity and contact-detail rules also depend on the local process. NSW Police says a complainant may remain anonymous; check the applicable guidance if you want to do so or need confidentiality information: NSW Police complaints. Northern Ireland’s Police Ombudsman describes incident details and types of evidence it may gather, including medical records and police-held material: Police Ombudsman for Northern Ireland: making a complaint. Kenya’s National Police Service Standing Orders specify further particulars for the procedure they cover, including complainant and respondent details, concise facts, requested redress, and a truth declaration: National Police Service downloads.

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Be accurate and preserve useful evidence

You do not need to prove an entire case before making a complaint. The account should help the recipient understand what is alleged and what might be checked. Be open about uncertainty: “I did not see who took it” or “the shop may have CCTV” is more useful than false precision.

  • Keep original files where possible and avoid changes that alter their substance.
  • Note the date, source, and location of each item, and who may hold it.
  • Keep copies of documents you submit and any confirmation or reference number you receive.

Legal consequences for knowingly false complaints or misleading information depend on local law. NSW Police warns that knowingly making a false complaint or giving false or misleading information during its complaint investigation is an offence under New South Wales law; do not assume that wording or rule applies everywhere: NSW Police complaints.

A preparation checklist

Use this to organize your account before following the reporting authority’s local form or instructions:

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  • Who is reporting: your name and a safe contact method, if you choose to provide them.
  • What happened: the factual sequence, distinguishing what you personally observed from what you were told.
  • When and where: date, best time estimate, and address or precise location, with uncertainty noted.
  • People: names or descriptions, roles, witnesses, and—if relevant—officers, unit, or station.
  • Evidence: what exists, where it is, and who may hold it.
  • Pattern and impact: earlier incidents, injury, loss, damage, disruption, or safety concerns, where relevant.
  • Requested response: the help, action, explanation, or redress you are seeking.
  • Submission record: when you submitted it and any confirmation or reference details supplied.

This is a preparation aid, not a substitute for the local reporting form or legal advice. Authorities may request additional information or declarations, and their reporting channels differ.

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