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A WebSocket that drops after about 60 seconds with code 1006 may be hitting an idle timeout on a proxy, load balancer, or other network hop. The timing is a useful clue, not proof of which component closed the connection: 1006 means the connection ended unexpectedly without a normal WebSocket close frame. Trace the whole route, identify the shortest applicable idle timeout, and make sure traffic that the relevant hop recognizes reaches it before that timer expires.
What code 1006 and a 60-second drop tell you
Code 1006 is a local indication of an abnormal WebSocket closure; it is not a close frame sent by the server and does not identify the component responsible. A TCP connection can disappear without either endpoint receiving a WebSocket close frame, leaving the client or library to report 1006. AWS explains this condition in its WebSocket API documentation; that explanation does not mean API Gateway is necessarily part of your connection path.
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A disconnect near 60 seconds is consistent with an idle timeout, but multiple products and configurations can produce that timing. For example, Nginx documents a 60-second default for its upstream read timeout in WebSocket proxying, while an AWS Application Load Balancer (ALB) documents a separate 60-second default connection idle timeout. Neither default proves that your deployment uses that product or setting.
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Start by recording the failure rather than changing several settings at once. Capture when the connection opens, when application data and heartbeats last move in each direction, and when the client observes the drop. Then map every component between client and server: CDN or edge proxy, load balancer, reverse proxy, application server, and any client-side timeout. Compare that timeline with each component’s configured idle behavior and logs.
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- Reproduce an idle connection. Record timestamps for connection setup, last application message, last heartbeat, and closure. Note whether the drop occurs only when the connection is idle or also during active traffic.
- Map the route. Write down each intermediary and the application server in order. A timeout at any one hop can end the connection even if the other hops allow it to remain open.
- Inspect each hop’s timeout and logs. Check the relevant idle or read timeout, and look for connection-close events at the same time as the client error. Treat 60 seconds as a lead to investigate, not a diagnosis.
- Change one relevant setting or heartbeat behavior at a time. Reproduce the same idle test after each change so you can tell which change affected the result.
- Retest beyond the former failure window. Keep the connection idle longer than the prior drop interval, then verify it still carries usable application messages. An open socket alone does not prove the application can communicate through it.
Check the behavior of the proxy or load balancer you use
Nginx: upstream data and proxy_read_timeout
Nginx’s WebSocket proxying documentation says the connection closes by default if the proxied server sends no data within 60 seconds. The relevant setting is proxy_read_timeout, which governs the interval between reads from the proxied server. Nginx also describes periodic WebSocket ping frames from the upstream server as a way to reset the timeout.
Check the Nginx configuration on the route handling the WebSocket and establish whether the upstream actually sends ping frames often enough. Increasing proxy_read_timeout can suit an application that intentionally allows long idle periods; server-originated WebSocket pings can keep an otherwise idle upstream connection active. These approaches can be combined, but a heartbeat must reach the Nginx hop and count as data there.
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AWS Application Load Balancer: connection idle timeout
AWS documents a 60-second default connection idle timeout for an ALB, configurable from 1 to 4000 seconds. Check the actual ALB attribute rather than assuming it is still at its default. AWS also explicitly states that HTTP/2 PING frames do not reset the ALB idle timeout. A keepalive that works at another hop—or at the HTTP/2 transport layer—therefore should not be assumed to satisfy this ALB timer. See AWS’s ALB idle-timeout documentation.
Cloudflare-proxied WebSockets: confirm heartbeat and timeout behavior
Cloudflare’s WebSockets guidance says a WebSocket closes after a period with no data moving in either direction. It recommends a client-side ping/pong heartbeat and review of the origin and client timeout settings. The guidance does not give a general numeric WebSocket idle timeout, so do not transfer a number from a different Cloudflare connection-limit setting to WebSockets without documentation explicitly tying them together.
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Confirm that WebSockets are enabled for the route, that the client and origin implement the heartbeat behavior your application expects, and that heartbeat traffic is visible along the proxied path. Review any relevant origin and client timeouts alongside Cloudflare’s behavior; changing a timeout at only one end may leave another hop as the limiting timer.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Choose a heartbeat interval that reaches the relevant hop
There is no universal heartbeat interval established for every WebSocket stack. First identify the shortest applicable idle timeout in the actual route. Set heartbeat traffic to occur sooner than that limit, with operational margin for scheduling delays and network variation, then verify that the traffic traverses and resets the timer at the hop you are trying to keep active.
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“Heartbeat” can refer to different mechanisms. WebSocket ping/pong frames are WebSocket control frames; HTTP/2 PING is a transport-level frame, and AWS says HTTP/2 PING does not reset the ALB idle timeout. Application messages may also keep a connection active, but whether a particular intermediary counts a given kind of traffic depends on its behavior. Check the vendor and library documentation for your stack rather than assuming all keepalives are interchangeable.
Heartbeats and longer timeouts solve related but distinct problems. A heartbeat can prevent an idle timer from expiring while also helping the application detect an unresponsive peer; a longer timeout permits longer quiet periods but can retain dead connections and their resources longer. Choose based on the application’s idle requirements and its ability to detect and release dead connections.
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Check session routing separately when reconnects behave differently
If a reconnect reaches a different origin and the application’s session state exists only on the original server, the reconnect can fail or appear to lose state even after the idle timeout is addressed. For Cloudflare Load Balancer setups that distribute WebSocket origins, Cloudflare documents session affinity as a way to route a client back to an origin with its session state. This is a routing and state concern, separate from the cause of an idle disconnect; see Cloudflare’s session-affinity documentation.
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