If an uninsured driver damages your car, either collision coverage or uninsured motorist property damage (UMPD) may cover repairs, depending on what you bought and the rules in your state. Collision applies to covered crashes whether or not the other driver has insurance; UMPD is specifically for qualifying losses involving an uninsured or hit-and-run driver where the coverage is available. Either may have a deductible. Check your declarations page and policy wording before deciding how to file.
Collision vs. UMPD: the key differences
“Uninsured motorist coverage” can refer to more than one type of protection. Uninsured motorist bodily injury (UMBI) addresses injuries; it is not vehicle-repair coverage. For damage to your car, the relevant type is uninsured motorist property damage (UMPD).
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| Question | Collision coverage | UMPD |
|---|---|---|
| What kind of loss is it for? | Covered damage to your insured car from a collision with another vehicle or object, or an overturn, subject to the policy. | Damage to your insured car caused by an at-fault uninsured driver, or in some cases a hit-and-run driver, where the coverage is offered and your policy includes it. |
| Does the other driver need to be uninsured? | No. Collision may cover your car’s covered collision damage regardless of the other driver’s insurance status. | Its stated purpose is to address uninsured-driver losses; hit-and-run treatment and other conditions depend on state law and policy wording. |
| What deductible applies? | Typically, the deductible shown for collision on your policy. | Check your policy and applicable state rules; do not assume the deductible is zero or matches your collision deductible. |
| Is it required? | Generally not required by state law, but a lender or lessor may require it for a financed or leased car. | Availability and any state requirements vary. |
| What should you verify? | Whether it is on your policy, the deductible, exclusions, settlement terms and any lender requirement. | Whether it is available and included, its limit and deductible, hit-and-run conditions, exclusions and claim requirements. |
The National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) summarizes the uninsured-driver choice this way: “Your collision coverage or your uninsured motorist property damage coverage, if you bought it. Either way, you’ll have to pay a deductible.” That is a general consumer explanation, not a guarantee that both options are available for every claim; policy terms and state rules control. See the NAIC consumer auto insurance guidance and its descriptions of uninsured motorist coverage.
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If you have collision coverage, it may cover the damage to your car from a covered crash even when the at-fault driver has no insurance. If you have UMPD, it may cover damage caused by an at-fault uninsured driver, subject to availability, limits and policy conditions. Which route applies depends on your coverage and circumstances. Do not assume you can collect under both for the same damage or that one will always cost less out of pocket.
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Collision is broader for covered collision losses: it is not limited to crashes with uninsured drivers. UMPD is narrower and depends on whether your state and policy provide it. For a hit-and-run, eligibility and any conditions vary, so a collision claim may be an option if you bought it, while UMPD depends on the applicable rules and policy terms.
How to check your policy and report the loss
- Review your declarations page. Look for collision and uninsured motorist property damage (UMPD) as separate coverages, along with their limits and deductibles. Do not confuse UMPD with uninsured motorist bodily injury (UMBI).
- Read the relevant policy terms. Check exclusions, settlement provisions and any conditions for uninsured-driver or hit-and-run claims. If your car is totaled, a collision settlement is generally based on the vehicle’s actual cash value, not automatically the amount left on a car loan. The NAIC explains collision, UMPD and actual cash value in its consumer coverage guide.
- Report the crash promptly to your insurer. Preserve available information about the driver and incident, and ask your insurer what documentation and claim steps your policy requires. There is no single reporting deadline established for every policy and state.
- Check state-specific rules if needed. UMPD availability, requirements and hit-and-run conditions differ by state. Your state insurance department can provide official state-specific guidance; the NAIC describes this variation in its uninsured motorists overview.
Do not confuse collision with comprehensive
Comprehensive coverage generally applies to non-collision causes such as theft, fire, weather, vandalism or flood. A crash does not become a comprehensive loss merely because the other driver was uninsured. Collision and comprehensive are generally optional under state law, although a lender or lessor may require them for a financed or leased vehicle. For definitions and lender context, see the NAIC’s auto insurance coverage overview, dated June 11, 2026.
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Why uninsured-driver rules depend on where you live
States differ in the uninsured motorist coverages they require or make available, and policies can set different limits, deductibles and claim conditions. Because no state or policy is specified here, there is no universal answer about whether UMPD is offered, whether a hit-and-run qualifies, or which deductible applies. The NAIC reports that 15.4% of U.S. motorists—about one in seven—were uninsured in 2023, based on an Insurance Research Council estimate; that figure is for 2023, not a current 2026 rate. See the NAIC’s uninsured motorists page.
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