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Track User Incidents With Error Metadata That Protects PII

Use structured error metadata to reconstruct failures and correlate related events without collecting unnecessary identity data or secrets. The crucial privacy control is scrubbing sensitive values before transmission when they must stay inside your application environment.
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Attach structured fields that show when and where a failure occurred, what operation was involved, its outcome, and how it relates to other telemetry. Use a trace or interaction ID for correlation; omit or transform unnecessary personal data and secrets. If sensitive values must never leave your application environment, scrub them before transmission—not only after they reach a vendor.

Build an event around the incident, not the user’s identity

A useful error event lets an engineer reconstruct the failed operation without collecting a full request, a session credential, or more identity data than the investigation needs. The field names below are a practical schema proposal, not names mandated by OWASP or OpenTelemetry. Adapt it to your architecture and the approved purpose for each event.

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Field What it helps answer How to handle it
timestamp When did the event occur? Use a consistent time format. If events may arrive late, distinguish the occurrence time from the time the log was written.
event.name or event.type What kind of failure happened? Use a stable, low-cardinality classification; do not embed user-provided content.
severity How serious is it, and how is it handled? Reflect expected impact and handling status, not merely the presence of an exception.
service.name, service.version, deployment.environment Which service, release, and environment were affected? Use controlled values that identify the deployment without including sensitive configuration.
operation or code location Which route, function, module, or operation was involved? Prefer a route template or stable operation name over a raw URL or path that may contain user data or secrets.
status or result Did the operation succeed, fail, or get deferred? Include a relevant HTTP status when applicable.
trace_id, span_id, or interaction ID Which related events belong to the same operation or interaction? Join to traces or other events rather than embedding session tokens or raw identity data.
exception.type What exception class was raised? Record a useful classification when available.
exception.message What detail might explain the failure? Include only when useful and safe. Inspect, sanitize, or omit messages that may contain user values, secrets, or sensitive content.
user.id or pseudonymous subject key Does the incident workflow need to distinguish a subject? Include only when collection is approved and needed. Prefer a scoped pseudonymous key if identity itself is unnecessary; never use credentials or session tokens.
request.method and route template What bounded request context is relevant? Avoid raw query strings and request or response bodies by default; they can carry identifiers, tokens, or personal content.

OWASP groups useful event context as “when, where, who and what,” and lists details such as timestamps, interaction identifiers, application context, code location, event type, severity, outcome, and status. Which fields are appropriate depends on the event’s purpose and the application’s architecture. OWASP Logging Cheat Sheet

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For exception telemetry, OpenTelemetry recommends associating exception events with the corresponding span context when spans exist. Its exception conventions describe exception attributes and make the message conditionally required; that does not remove the need to review message contents for privacy. OpenTelemetry exception log conventions

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Set severity by impact and handling

OpenTelemetry’s exception conventions recommend FATAL for exceptions that usually shut down the application, ERROR for unhandled exceptions that do not shut it down, WARN for exceptions expected to be handled, and DEBUG for exceptions that do not indicate an actual issue. The conventions permit INFO and TRACE where appropriate. Apply the levels to the event’s impact and handling context, rather than labeling every exception identically. OpenTelemetry exception log conventions

Keep personal data and secrets out of the event

OWASP advises against logging data unless collection is legally sanctioned. Its examples of data that should not be logged directly include session identification values, access tokens, passwords, sensitive personal data, database connection strings, encryption keys, and payment-card or bank data. Names, phone numbers, email addresses, file paths, and internal network details may also need special handling. Requirements depend on the application, applicable jurisdictions, and user choices; this is engineering guidance, not legal advice. OWASP Logging Cheat Sheet

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Do not assume that only explicit user fields can leak information. Exception and log messages, breadcrumbs, URLs, headers, and request data can all carry personal information or secrets. Sentry’s documentation specifically notes that sensitive values may appear in exception messages, log messages, and breadcrumbs where a broad sensitive-field setting may not apply. Sentry sensitive data guidance

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  • Remove, scramble, or pseudonymize direct and indirect identifiers when identity is unnecessary or the risk is too high.
  • Do not attach raw query strings, request or response bodies, authentication credentials, or session tokens by default.
  • Validate fields from less-trusted sources and sanitize data to reduce log-injection risks.
  • Define the purpose for each captured field before expanding event collection.

Choose the scrubbing point based on your privacy boundary

The key question is whether a sensitive value is allowed to leave the application environment. If it must stay inside, filtering has to happen before export. Later controls can reduce exposure in storage, but cannot reverse a transmission that has already occurred.

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  1. Before transmission: Filter in the SDK or an infrastructure-controlled Relay when a value must not leave the application environment. Sentry documents SDK hooks such as beforeSend and Relay as options at this boundary. Sentry sensitive data guidance
  2. At a collector or pipeline boundary: Apply controlled filtering and protect telemetry in transit and at rest. OpenTelemetry identifies PII protection and telemetry integrity as Collector security concerns. OpenTelemetry Collector security best practices
  3. At the vendor before storage: Server-side rules can provide an additional control, but data has already been transmitted. Sentry documents built-in and advanced server-side scrubbing and notes that stored events are generally not scrubbed retroactively. Do not treat vendor-side scrubbing as proof that sensitive data never left your environment. Sentry sensitive data guidance
  4. Across adjacent data types: Review attachments and session replay separately; scrubbing event fields may not cover them. Sentry sensitive data guidance

A layered approach is to minimize data at its source, apply a second controlled filter at the pipeline boundary, and inspect representative events periodically for fields that bypass the intended rules.

Preserve diagnostic value without exposing internals to users

Correlation IDs make related events easier to follow without stuffing identity or session information into each record. OWASP describes interaction identifiers as a way to link events from a single user interaction; OpenTelemetry recommends associating an exception event with its span context where available. Keep the detailed diagnostic record in controlled server-side telemetry, and return a generic, non-revealing response to the user for an unexpected failure. Detailed error output can expose application versions, frameworks, paths, SQL errors, and other implementation details. OWASP Error Handling Cheat Sheet

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Protect the event pipeline and define its operating rules

Logs may contain sensitive information, so restrict access and protect them from unauthorized modification or deletion. OpenTelemetry likewise identifies telemetry protection and tamper prevention as important to reliable incident response. OWASP Logging Cheat Sheet OpenTelemetry Collector security best practices

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  • Specify which events are required and the purpose of each field.
  • Set access and retention rules for the data that is collected.
  • Define who investigates an event and how the response workflow uses its metadata.
  • Validate and sanitize incoming event values to reduce log-injection risk.
  • Avoid capturing everything indiscriminately; excess noise can make real problems harder to spot.

Compare filtering controls by boundary and coverage

No particular platform is required. When assessing SDK-side filters, an infrastructure-controlled Relay or Collector, or vendor-side scrubbing, ask where the control runs and what it actually covers.

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  • Privacy boundary: Does filtering finish before data leaves the application or trust boundary?
  • Diagnostic utility: Can responders still connect the exception to its operation, service version, result, and related trace?
  • Coverage: Do rules apply to exception messages, logs, breadcrumbs, attachments, and replay data where relevant?
  • Timing: Does the control run before transmission or storage, and what happens to events already collected?
  • Governance: Can the design meet access, retention, jurisdiction, and user-consent requirements?
  • Integrity: Is telemetry protected from tampering and unauthorized access?

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