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Use Playwright’s saved storage state to open an authenticated browser context, then capture the page with page.screenshot(). First sign in and save the state; later, load it into a new context, navigate to the private route, verify the page is authenticated, and take the screenshot. The state file can grant access to the account, so keep it out of version control and handle it as a secret.
Save an authenticated browser state
Authenticate through the app’s normal login flow, then save the context state. A dedicated file such as playwright/.auth/user.json keeps the credential artifact easy to identify:
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import { chromium } from 'playwright';
const authFile = 'playwright/.auth/user.json';
const browser = await chromium.launch();
const context = await browser.newContext();
const page = await context.newPage();
try {
await page.goto('https://app.example.com/login');
// Complete the app's login flow here, or use an app-supported API login.
// Wait for a reliable signal that login succeeded.
await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Account' }).waitFor();
await context.storageState({ path: authFile });
} finally {
await browser.close();
}Replace the example URL and login steps with the application’s actual flow and success condition. Playwright’s authentication guide documents saving state after login and describes both a setup-project workflow and a worker-scoped alternative: Playwright authentication.
Add the auth directory to .gitignore before generating the file:
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playwright/.auth/The state may contain cookies and headers that can impersonate the account. Playwright warns: “The browser state file may contain sensitive cookies and headers that could be used to impersonate you or your test account.” Restrict access to the file and regenerate it if its session expires or is revoked.
Load the state and capture a private page
Create a fresh browser context with storageState, navigate to the authenticated route, wait for evidence that the expected page loaded, and save the screenshot:
import { chromium } from 'playwright';
const authFile = 'playwright/.auth/user.json';
const browser = await chromium.launch();
try {
const context = await browser.newContext({ storageState: authFile });
const page = await context.newPage();
await page.goto('https://app.example.com/dashboard');
await page.getByRole('heading', { name: 'Dashboard' }).waitFor();
await page.screenshot({ path: 'screenshot.png', fullPage: true });
await context.close();
} finally {
await browser.close();
}Change the route and readiness condition to match the app. A meaningful control, heading, or final URL is more reliable than a fixed sleep: it helps distinguish a loaded private page from a redirect to sign-in. The screenshot API supports options such as fullPage; consult the Page screenshot reference for the available capture options.
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One screenshot or a small standalone script
Run the login-and-save script when needed, then run the capture script with the resulting state file. This avoids repeating an interactive login for every capture, but it does not guarantee the saved session will remain valid.
A repeatable test suite
Playwright’s authentication guide describes a setup project that creates state before dependent tests, as well as a worker-scoped approach. Shared state is appropriate only if tests can safely use the same account at the same time. If tests modify shared server-side data, Playwright recommends separate accounts per worker.
Visual assertion instead of an image artifact
Use page.screenshot() when the goal is to write an image file. In Playwright Test, expect(page).toHaveScreenshot() is a visual-regression assertion; it waits for consecutive captures to stabilize before comparing them. See the visual comparisons documentation.
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Check where the app stores authentication
- Cookies or local storage: These are common forms of state used by browser authentication flows and can be restored from saved storage state.
- sessionStorage: Playwright’s standard saved state does not include it. The authentication guide provides a custom save-and-restore approach using an initialization script; implement that deliberately rather than assuming
storageStatecaptured it. - IndexedDB, credentials, or OPFS: Support depends on Playwright version and the relevant storage-state options. The BrowserContext reference marks IndexedDB support as added in v1.51, credentials in v1.61, and OPFS in v1.63. Check the installed version and its API reference before relying on them: BrowserContext storageState reference.
- Passkeys or other app-specific mechanisms: Confirm that the app’s authentication mechanism can be represented and restored in your installed Playwright version; a state file is not a substitute for an unsupported login mechanism.
Handle failures and keep captures reliable
Redirected to sign-in
The session may have expired or been invalidated on the server. Check the final URL or wait for an authenticated-page control; if the expected signal never appears, rerun the login workflow and save fresh state instead of capturing the sign-in page as if it were the target.
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Confirm the path is correct relative to the script’s working directory, that the login setup completed successfully, and that the file is readable by the process. Avoid committing the file to make it available; provision it through a secure local or CI secret-handling workflow.
Page loads but the screenshot is incomplete
Wait for a page-specific readiness condition—such as a key heading or control—before capturing. A navigation event alone may not mean that client-rendered content is ready. Use the screenshot options reference for choices such as full-page capture.
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Concurrent tests affect each other
If tests write to shared account data, one test can change what another sees. Use separate accounts per worker for tests that mutate common server-side data, following Playwright’s authentication guidance.
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If the page is publicly reachable, ScreenshotNeo can capture it through one API request. Its API is for website screenshots and PDFs; it does not replace Playwright storage state for accessing a private page that requires your authenticated browser session.
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See the ScreenshotNeo API documentation for request options. Example cURL request:
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Frequently Asked Questions
Does Playwright storage state include sessionStorage?
No. Playwright’s standard saved state excludes sessionStorage; the authentication guide documents a custom initialization-script approach.
Does loading a storage-state file log in again?
No. It restores saved browser state in a new context; it does not perform login or ensure that the session is still valid.
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