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Smartphone Basics: What It Is, Who Made the First One, and Why It Matters

A smartphone combines mobile calls with internet access, apps, and broader computing functions. Here’s what defines one, how the category began, and what to consider when choosing a phone.
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A smartphone is a mobile phone that combines calling with broader computing, internet, and app functions. It can be understood as a pocket-sized connected computer, though that is a plain-language description rather than a single formal technical definition.

What makes a phone a smartphone?

The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) describes the most capable handsets as enabling users to make calls, send text messages and email, browse the web, and run applications. A basic handset may support calls and limited data functions; a smartphone combines mobile telephony with general-purpose software and internet access. The boundary can shift as phones gain new capabilities.

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In practice, smartphones are used for messaging, email, web access, and apps as well as voice calls. The key distinction is not a particular screen size or shape, but the combination of phone service and broader computing functions.

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Who invented the smartphone, and when was the first one made?

The IBM Simon Personal Communicator was released commercially in 1994. It had a touchscreen and email capability, and TIME describes it as commonly referenced as the first smartphone. The historical label depends on which combination of features is required, so it is more accurate to call Simon a commonly cited early smartphone than to claim there is one uncontested inventor or starting point.

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The smartphone developed alongside cellular networks. The ITU’s history traces the field from Martin Cooper’s 1973 demonstration call, through digital second-generation services in 1991, to third-generation service in Japan in 2001. In 2000, the ITU approved IMT-2000 specifications for interoperable third-generation systems, helping establish a platform for voice and mobile data services.

What are the benefits of a smartphone?

Communication and information on the move

A smartphone brings calls and messages together with portable access to information and applications. The ITU calls mobile phones “the most common gateway to the Internet.” That does not mean every phone owner uses the internet: some people use a phone only for calls, while others access the internet through a phone owned by someone else.

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  • NEED MORE STORAGE? WE HAVE YOU COVERED: With an improved 2TB of expandable storage, Galaxy A17 5G makes it easy to keep cherished photos, videos and important files readily accessible whenever you need them.³
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Convenience depends on the user

In a 2012 Pew Research Center survey, 44% of U.S. smartphone owners said their phone saved them time by letting them access information when needed. This is a historical, self-reported U.S. result—not a current global estimate or evidence that every user benefits equally.

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How common are smartphones?

Keep smartphone ownership separate from mobile-phone ownership, and keep each figure tied to its geography and date:

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Measure Figure Scope and date
Smartphone ownership 91% of U.S. adults Pew Research Center survey of 5,022 U.S. adults, February 5–June 18, 2025
Smartphone ownership 35% of U.S. adults Pew Research Center’s first standalone measure, 2011
Mobile-phone ownership Four in five people aged 10 or older worldwide International Telecommunication Union, 2024; this is not a smartphone-only figure
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What to consider when choosing a smartphone

For a purchase or replacement, compare the factors that affect your own use rather than relying on the smartphone label alone:

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  • DISPLAY: Immersive viewing on a 6.7-inch super-bright 120Hz display with powerful stereo speakers and Bass Boost for cinematic entertainment.
  • CAMERA SYSTEM: Advanced 50MP Quad Pixel camera captures sharp, detailed photos and videos in any lighting condition
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  • BATTERY LIFE: Long-lasting 5000mAh battery with TurboPower charging technology delivers hours of power in minutes.
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Samsung Galaxy A17 5G Smart Phone 128GB, US 1 Yr Manufacturer Warranty Blue | Large AMOLED, High-Res Camera, Durable Design, Super Fast Charging, Expandable Storage, Circle to Search, 2025
  • YOUR CONTENT, SUPER SMOOTH: The ultra-clear 6.7" FHD+ Super AMOLED display of Galaxy A17 5G helps bring your content to life, whether you're scrolling through recipes or video chatting with loved ones.¹
  • LIVE FAST. CHARGE FASTER: Focus more on the moment and less on your battery percentage with Galaxy A17 5G. Super Fast Charging powers up your battery so you can get back to life sooner.²
  • MEMORIES MADE PICTURE PERFECT: Capture every angle in stunning clarity, from wide family photos to close-ups of friends, with the triple-lens camera on Galaxy A17 5G.
  • NEED MORE STORAGE? WE HAVE YOU COVERED: With an improved 2TB of expandable storage, Galaxy A17 5G makes it easy to keep cherished photos, videos and important files readily accessible whenever you need them.³
  • BUILT TO LAST: With an improved IP54 rating, Galaxy A17 5G is even more durable than before.⁴ It’s built to resist splashes and dust and comes with a stronger yet slimmer Gorilla Glass Victus front and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer back.
  • Operating system and apps: Check whether the phone’s software and available apps suit your needs.
  • Network compatibility: Confirm that the phone works with the mobile network and service you plan to use.
  • Battery life: Consider how long you need the phone to last between charges.
  • Camera: Match camera capabilities to how often and what you photograph or record.
  • Accessibility: Look for features that support how you see, hear, move, or interact with a device.
  • Software support: Check how long the manufacturer says the phone will receive updates.
  • Total cost: Account for the phone and any ongoing service or related costs.

Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on Amazon at the time of purchase will apply.

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