Chrome mein Selenium se poore page ka screenshot lene ke liye Chrome DevTools Protocol (CDP) ka Page.captureScreenshot command chalayein aur captureBeyondViewport: true set karein. Selenium ka aam screenshot method current browsing context—aksar visible viewport—capture karta hai; use apne aap full-page capture na samjhein.
Python aur Selenium se full-page screenshot
Yeh example Selenium ke Chromium driver par CDP command bhejta hai, Base64 image data decode karta hai, aur PNG file likhta hai. Apne project mein Chrome aur Selenium ke installed versions ke saath ise verify karein.
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- Selenium install karein:
python -m pip install selenium. Chrome aur uske saath chalne wala driver environment mein available hona chahiye. - Neeche ka code
full_page_screenshot.pynaam se save karein. python full_page_screenshot.py https://example.comchala kar output dekhein.
import base64
import sys
from pathlib import Path
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
url = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else "https://example.com"
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
try:
driver.get(url)
WebDriverWait(driver, 30).until(
lambda d: d.execute_script("return document.readyState") == "complete"
)
result = driver.execute_cdp_cmd(
"Page.captureScreenshot",
{
"format": "png",
"captureBeyondViewport": True,
},
)
Path("full-page.png").write_bytes(base64.b64decode(result["data"]))
finally:
driver.quit()CDP ka response Base64-encoded image data deta hai; code use PNG bytes mein badal kar full-page.png likhta hai. Page.captureScreenshot PNG, JPEG aur WebP formats support karta hai; PNG default format hai. Chrome DevTools Protocol Page documentation mein command aur parameters dekhein.
Lazy-loaded content ke liye
document.readyState == "complete" ka matlab yeh nahin ki scroll par aane wali har image ya section load ho chuki hai. Agar page scroll karne par content fetch karta hai, capture se pehle page ko hisson mein scroll karein, zarurat ke mutabik content load hone ka intezar karein, phir screenshot lein. Output file khol kar jaanchein ki zaroori content aaya hai.
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Viewport screenshot aur full-page capture ka farq
Selenium ki standard screenshot API current browsing context ka screenshot lene ke liye documented hai. Python mein save_screenshot() aur get_screenshot_as_file() file save karne ke suvidhajanak tareeqe hain, lekin inhe poore document ki guarantee na samjhein. Selenium ki windows aur tabs documentation aur Python Chromium WebDriver API current-window screenshot methods batate hain.
Jab visible viewport chahiye, standard method kaafi ho sakta hai. Jab viewport se neeche tak capture chahiye, Chrome-specific CDP command mein captureBeyondViewport relevant option hai. Binding aur browser/protocol version ke mutabik command chalne ka tareeqa alag ho sakta hai; deployed setup par jaanch zaroor karein.
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Common problems aur fixes
- Screenshot mein sirf viewport hai: standard WebDriver screenshot ko full-page na maan kar CDP wala
Page.captureScreenshotcommand aurcaptureBeyondViewport: trueuse karein. - CDP command ya method nahin mil raha: Selenium binding, Chrome version aur protocol support check karein. Yeh Chrome-specific tareeqa hai; doosre browser par wahi command/API assume na karein.
- Image file nahin banti ya decode error aata hai: response mein
datakey hone ki jaanch karein, aur Base64 value ko decode karke bytes likhein—text ko seedha PNG file mein na likhein. - Images ya neeche ka content missing hai: lazy loading ke liye page scroll karke content load hone dein; phir screenshot dobara lein. Har page par load behavior alag ho sakta hai.
- Capture jaldi ho gaya: page load aur application-specific content ke liye explicit wait lagayein. Sirf fixed chhota sleep har site ke liye bharosemand nahin hota.
Output ko kaise verify karein
PNG khol kar dekhein ki poora intended document shamil hai aur lazy-loaded sections nazar aa rahe hain. Bahut lambe pages ya fixed-position elements ke liye ek jaisa natija maan kar na chalein: target site aur browser setup par output test karein.
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CDP screenshot ke liye kaun se image formats hain?
PNG, JPEG aur WebP supported hain; protocol documentation PNG ko default batati hai.
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