For a full-page screenshot through Puppeteer, use page.screenshot({ fullPage: true }). Puppeteer’s fullPage option is distinct from captureBeyondViewport; Chrome DevTools Protocol (CDP) exposes the latter on Page.captureScreenshot, but its documentation does not define it as equivalent to Puppeteer’s full-page option.
What the two options mean
Puppeteer’s Page.screenshot() is a high-level API that captures a page and returns image bytes by default. Its screenshot options include fullPage, captureBeyondViewport, and clip. The CDP command Page.captureScreenshot is a lower-level protocol API with its own captureBeyondViewport parameter and optional clip rectangle.
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Both Puppeteer and CDP describe captureBeyondViewport as capturing beyond the viewport. That shared name and purpose do not establish identical behavior in every browser version or rendering situation. The cited API documentation does not describe CDP’s parameter as a replacement for Puppeteer’s fullPage.
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Choose the API for the capture you need
| Need | Use | What the documentation establishes |
|---|---|---|
| Capture a page through Puppeteer | page.screenshot() |
Puppeteer’s page screenshot method. (Puppeteer Page.screenshot()) |
| Capture the full page through Puppeteer | page.screenshot({ fullPage: true }) |
Puppeteer documents fullPage: true as taking a full-page screenshot. (Puppeteer ScreenshotOptions) |
| Capture beyond the viewport, using Puppeteer | captureBeyondViewport |
It captures beyond the viewport. Its documented default is conditional: false when no clip is supplied and true when a clip is supplied. (Puppeteer ScreenshotOptions) |
| Capture through CDP | Page.captureScreenshot |
The protocol command accepts a clip and a captureBeyondViewport parameter, whose documented default is false. (CDP Page.captureScreenshot) |
| Capture one element through Puppeteer | ElementHandle.screenshot() |
Puppeteer provides a separate element helper and attempts to scroll a hidden element into view by default. (Puppeteer ElementHandle.screenshot()) |
Capture a full page with Puppeteer
Use fullPage: true when your requirement is the entire page in Puppeteer. This runnable Node.js example launches the browser, navigates to a URL, saves a PNG, and closes the browser even if capture fails:
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const puppeteer = require('puppeteer');
(async () => {
const browser = await puppeteer.launch({ headless: true });
try {
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.goto('https://example.com', { waitUntil: 'networkidle0' });
await page.screenshot({ path: 'full-page.png', fullPage: true });
} finally {
await browser.close();
}
})();Change the URL and output path as needed. Puppeteer documents fullPage as the full-page control; do not assume that setting captureBeyondViewport: true alone is interchangeable.
Use CDP when calling the protocol directly
CDP’s Page.captureScreenshot is useful when your code is already working with a DevTools Protocol session. The following Puppeteer example creates a CDP session and requests a screenshot with capture beyond the viewport enabled:
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const puppeteer = require('puppeteer');
const fs = require('node:fs/promises');
(async () => {
const browser = await puppeteer.launch({ headless: true });
try {
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.goto('https://example.com', { waitUntil: 'networkidle0' });
const cdp = await page.createCDPSession();
await cdp.send('Page.enable');
const result = await cdp.send('Page.captureScreenshot', {
format: 'png',
captureBeyondViewport: true
});
await fs.writeFile('cdp-shot.png', Buffer.from(result.data, 'base64'));
await cdp.detach();
} finally {
await browser.close();
}
})();This sets the CDP parameter as documented; it does not claim to produce a complete, stitched full-page image in every case. If you need a region, CDP also accepts a clip rectangle. Check the behavior with the Chrome version and page you actually use.
Capture a clipped region or a single element
Clip a region with Puppeteer
Puppeteer’s screenshot options include clip for a region. Note that supplying a clip changes the documented default of captureBeyondViewport to true; set the option explicitly if you need to make the choice clear in your code.
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await page.screenshot({
path: 'region.png',
clip: { x: 0, y: 0, width: 800, height: 600 },
captureBeyondViewport: true
});Capture one element
For an element rather than a page region, use Puppeteer’s ElementHandle.screenshot(). Puppeteer says it attempts to scroll a hidden element into view by default.
const element = await page.$('.report-card');
if (!element) throw new Error('Could not find .report-card');
await element.screenshot({ path: 'report-card.png' });What the documentation does not settle
The cited references document the available options and stated defaults, but they do not provide a full compatibility matrix across Puppeteer and Chrome versions, hard page-size limits, or exhaustive guarantees for lazy-loaded images and unusual rendering cases. If a capture depends on those details, verify it with your project’s pinned versions and target page. In particular, do not infer that enabling captureBeyondViewport guarantees every offscreen element or lazy-loaded image will be present.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Does Puppeteer return screenshot data or a file?
By default, Page.screenshot() returns image bytes; it can also be used with a path to save a file.
Does CDP have a fullPage parameter?
The cited Page.captureScreenshot protocol entry lists captureBeyondViewport and clip, not a fullPage parameter.
Quick Recap
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