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Your chats, memories, and connected data are governed by separate controls—not one universal privacy switch. For personal accounts, ChatGPT, Gemini, Microsoft Copilot, and Claude differ in how they handle model improvement, chat history, deletion, personalization, and safety retention. The comparison below reflects official documentation available October 7, 2026; settings and policies can change.
At a glance: what each service controls
| Service and account scope | Model improvement | History, deletion, and memory | Connected data and notable limits |
|---|---|---|---|
| ChatGPT personal accounts; settings can vary by sign-in status and plan | Turning off “Improve the model for everyone” excludes new conversations from OpenAI model training. Those conversations may still appear in history. OpenAI Data Controls FAQ | Training, history, and memory are distinct. Temporary Chat is omitted from history and does not create or update memories; OpenAI may keep a copy for up to 30 days for safety. OpenAI Temporary Chat FAQ | Temporary Chats can still use existing memories, custom instructions, and plugins unless personalization is turned off at the start. Saving one converts it to a regular chat. |
| Google Gemini Apps signed-in users; notice supplements Google’s broader Privacy Policy | Google says Gemini data may be used to provide, maintain, and improve services, including generative AI models and other machine-learning technologies. Human reviewers review some data. Gemini Apps Privacy Notice | Specific history and deletion controls are not detailed in the cited notice excerpt; check the controls in your account rather than infer them from model-use terms. | Data types listed include prompts, spoken requests, shared files and media, feedback, generated content, app/browser/device context, connected-app information, and some location information. |
| Microsoft Copilot updated app for personal Microsoft accounts, as available August 18, 2026 | Separate controls cover saved memory, shared experiences, web search, and personalized advertising. Microsoft Copilot privacy controls | Turning saved memory off does not itself delete existing memories; delete saved items separately. Chat history is also a separate control. | Shared experiences can connect Copilot activity with Bing, Edge, and MSN. Edge browser-data import, currently available to personal accounts based in the United States, can include cookies, history, payment information, passwords, and autofill data. |
| Claude Free, Pro, Max, and Claude Code used with consumer accounts | Use for improvement may depend on opt-in, safety flags, or other explicit opt-in circumstances. Incognito chats are not used to improve Claude even when Model Improvement is enabled. Anthropic retention policy Anthropic training FAQ | Deleting a conversation removes it from history immediately and from backend storage within 30 days. Other retention terms can apply to opted-in training, flagged sessions, and feedback. | Raw connector content, such as Google Drive data, is excluded from model improvement unless copied directly into the conversation, according to Anthropic’s FAQ. |
These are policy descriptions, not independent audits or a single privacy ranking. For every service, check the account type, region, and current setting labels that apply to you.
Model improvement is not the same as storage
A training opt-out answers whether eligible conversations may help improve models; it does not necessarily remove chats from your history, erase saved memories, or revoke connected-app access. Treat these as separate checks: model improvement, history, deletion, memory, and integrations.
ChatGPT
OpenAI says turning off “Improve the model for everyone” prevents new conversations from being used to train its models. The conversations may still remain in chat history, and the setting applies across devices for a signed-in account. The Data Controls page also covers data export, shared links, and other available settings; availability depends on sign-in status, plan, and workspace. OpenAI Data Controls FAQ
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Gemini
Google’s Gemini Apps Privacy Notice says data may be used to provide, maintain, improve, develop, personalize, and customize services, among other purposes, and extends these uses to generative AI models and other machine-learning technologies. It also says some collected data is reviewed by humans, including trained reviewers at service providers. Google advises: “Please don’t enter confidential information that you wouldn’t want a reviewer to see or Google to use to improve our services, including machine-learning technologies.” Gemini Apps Privacy Notice
Copilot
Microsoft’s personal-account controls distinguish saved memory and shared experiences from chat history, web search, and advertising personalization. In particular, saved memory can be switched off without deleting items already saved; removal is a separate step. Microsoft’s article covers its updated Copilot app for personal Microsoft accounts on web, desktop, or mobile, available as of August 18, 2026—not Copilot in Microsoft 365 apps or organizational work or school accounts. Microsoft Copilot privacy controls
Claude
Anthropic’s March 16, 2026 FAQ says conversations may be used for improvement if users opt in, if conversations are flagged for safety review, or if the user otherwise explicitly opts in. The data may include the related conversation and content or preferences. Raw connector content, such as Google Drive, is excluded unless copied directly into the conversation. Anthropic model-training FAQ
History, deletion, and retention are different questions
Removing a conversation from the visible chat list does not necessarily mean all copies disappear immediately, and a service can retain data for specific safety or feedback purposes. The documented periods below refer to different circumstances; they are not comparable default storage durations.
ChatGPT Temporary Chat
Temporary Chat does not appear in history, does not create or update memories, and is not used to improve models while temporary. OpenAI may retain a copy for up to 30 days for safety purposes. It can still use existing memories, custom instructions, and plugins unless personalization is turned off when the chat starts. Saving a Temporary Chat converts it to a regular chat. OpenAI Temporary Chat FAQ
Claude deletion and exceptions
Anthropic’s retention page, dated July 1, 2026, says a deleted conversation is removed from chat history immediately and backend storage within 30 days. If a user permits chats or coding sessions to improve Claude, Anthropic may retain data in de-identified form for up to five years in training pipelines for new or resumed sessions after the setting is enabled. Anthropic retention policy
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The same policy describes separate cases: for sessions flagged for a usage-policy violation, inputs and outputs may be retained for up to two years and trust-and-safety classification scores for up to seven years; user feedback data may be retained for five years. Anthropic says Incognito chats are not used to improve Claude even if Model Improvement is enabled. These are distinct retention conditions, not the ordinary deletion timetable. Anthropic retention policy Anthropic model-training FAQ
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ChatGPT personalization
Memory controls and model-training controls govern different things. Temporary Chat does not create or update memories, but it can draw on existing memories, custom instructions, and plugins unless personalization is disabled at the start of that chat. Review memory and personalization settings separately from data controls. OpenAI Data Controls FAQ OpenAI Temporary Chat FAQ
Gemini inputs and context
The Gemini Apps notice lists prompts and spoken requests, files and other shared content, feedback, generated content, app and browser context, device information, connected-app information, and some location information among data that may be processed. Its scope is signed-in Gemini Apps; Google Ireland Limited provides the service in the EEA and Switzerland, and Google LLC elsewhere. The notice was last updated June 29, 2026. Gemini Apps Privacy Notice
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Copilot cross-service sharing and Edge import
Shared experiences may let Copilot conversations personalize other Microsoft services such as Bing, Edge, and MSN, and may let activity in those services personalize Copilot. Advertising personalization is a separate setting; Microsoft says personalized ads might use chat history, saved memories, and other Microsoft data a user chose to share. Edge browser-data import can include sensitive categories such as passwords and payment information, and the cited article says that import setting is currently available to personal accounts based in the United States. Microsoft Copilot privacy controls
Choose controls based on what you want to prevent
- Do not want chats used to improve models? Review the model-improvement setting or opt-in status. For ChatGPT, the opt-out applies to new conversations but does not remove them from history. For Claude, review opt-in, safety-flag, and feedback terms.
- Do not want a chat visible in history? Use the platform’s history or deletion controls; do not assume a training opt-out hides or deletes a chat.
- Do not want retained personalization? Review saved memory and personalization separately, and delete existing saved items where required. Switching a feature off may not erase prior items.
- Do not want app, browser, or device context included? Review connected-app permissions and imports before enabling them. This matters especially when files, browser data, or cross-service activity can be shared.
- Handling confidential or regulated information? Avoid entering it unless the service, account type, settings, and governing terms are appropriate. Consumer policies should not be assumed to apply to managed accounts.
Managed ChatGPT Business, Enterprise, Edu, and Healthcare workspace content is not used to train models by default, but organizations may set separate retention, memory, compliance, and access policies. That workspace default is not the consumer-account rule. OpenAI Data Controls FAQ OpenAI business data privacy
Likewise, the Copilot comparison above is limited to personal Microsoft accounts using the updated Copilot app; work and school accounts and Copilot in Microsoft 365 apps have separate documentation and terms. Before sharing sensitive data, verify the current settings and policy for your own region and account.
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