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What a URI in proxy_pass changes
The key distinction is whether the directive includes a URI after the upstream address. Nginx’s proxy module documentation defines the URI-bearing case this way: the part of the normalized request URI matching the location is replaced by the URI specified in proxy_pass.
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location /name/ {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1/remote/;
}For a request to /name/item, the matching /name/ prefix is replaced with /remote/, yielding the upstream path /remote/item. The trailing slash in /remote/ is part of the replacement URI; it is not a general instruction to append or remove a slash from every request.
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What happens when proxy_pass has no URI
If the directive ends at the upstream address, there is no replacement URI. For an original request, Nginx passes the request URI in its original form. If processing has changed the URI, Nginx passes the full normalized URI instead.
location /some/path/ {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
}In particular, omitting the URI does not mean “replace the matched location prefix with /.” It selects a different documented behavior. The distinction is between the upstream address alone and an address followed by a URI, even when that URI is just a slash.
Do not confuse the location slash rule with URI replacement
The core module documentation describes a separate special case for slash-terminated prefix locations. When a prefix location ends in a slash and uses a pass directive such as proxy_pass, a request whose URI exactly equals that location but lacks its final slash receives a permanent 301 redirect with the slash appended.
For example, with location /name/, a request for exactly /name is redirected to /name/. This concerns the incoming request and location handling. It is not the same operation as replacing a matched prefix with a URI in proxy_pass.
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To work out the upstream path, separate the incoming request, the matching location, and the value of proxy_pass. The simple replacement calculation applies when the directive includes a URI and the location is a prefix location in the ordinary case.
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- Write the incoming path. For example,
/name/item. - Identify the matching location prefix. In
location /name/, that prefix is/name/. - Check whether proxy_pass includes a URI.
http://127.0.0.1/remote/includes/remote/;http://127.0.0.1does not. - If a URI is present, replace the matching prefix. Here,
/name/becomes/remote/, so the upstream path is/remote/item. - If no URI is present, use the documented pass-through rule. Do not perform the prefix-replacement calculation.
This describes URI handling for normalized request URIs, not raw character-by-character editing of the original request target.
Exceptions that change the calculation
Regex and named locations
In regex and named locations, Nginx cannot determine the part of the URI to replace. The documentation says to specify proxy_pass without a URI in these cases.
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A rewrite followed by break
If a rewrite changes the URI inside a proxied location and processing continues in that configuration using break, Nginx ignores the URI in proxy_pass and passes the full changed request URI upstream.
Variables in proxy_pass
Variable-based proxy_pass has different URI handling. If a URI is specified, it is passed as is and replaces the original request URI. Do not assume the ordinary location-prefix replacement example applies unchanged; evaluate the exact directive and its variables.
Check documentation for your Nginx version
The linked Nginx documentation pages describe the behavior as checked on October 7, 2026. For release-specific details, consult the documentation corresponding to the Nginx version you run, especially if your configuration uses rewrites, variables, or regex or named locations.
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