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Yes—SMILE’s ultraviolet camera captured a complete view of the northern auroral oval, including its sunlit side. NASA’s October 6, 2026 Astronomy Picture of the Day shows a roughly 58-second time-lapse from a longer observation on July 24. The rippling ring is auroral activity changing during a substorm; the small points that appear to drift beside Earth are distant stars, apparently moving because the spacecraft’s camera view shifts as it orbits.
What the APOD video shows
The image comes from the Ultraviolet Imager (UVI) aboard SMILE, the Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer, a joint mission of the European Space Agency and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. UVI recorded the complete northern auroral oval: a ring of auroral activity around Earth’s magnetic pole. The NASA APOD caption describes the sequence as an hour of activity compressed into a short time-lapse; ESA identifies the displayed footage as covering 00:00–00:58 UT on July 24, 2026, while the spacecraft was in commissioning. NASA APOD, October 6, 2026; ESA, September 30, 2026.
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The ring’s ripples indicate a substorm, a brief disturbance in Earth’s magnetosphere. Solar-wind particles interact with and compress magnetic field lines; energetic particles are then directed toward the polar regions, where they produce auroral emissions. The changing shape is a view of that activity, not a fixed luminous circle painted around Earth.
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The dots of light beside Earth are distant stars. Their apparent drift across the frame comes from SMILE’s changing camera view as the spacecraft moves in orbit. The clip does not show stars rapidly crossing the sky.
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Why a complete oval is difficult to see from Earth
From the ground, an observer sees only the part of the oval above the local horizon. The ring is too large to fit into a ground-level view all at once, and visible-light observations cannot show aurora on the sunlit side against daylight. A conventional visible-light camera therefore cannot capture the whole oval in the way this video does.
Auroras emit strongly in ultraviolet wavelengths. UVI detects that ultraviolet emission and filters faint ultraviolet dayglow from Earth’s upper atmosphere, allowing it to image the dayside as well as the night side. This is a scientific ultraviolet view, not a natural-color photograph. ESA, “Smile’s ultraviolet vision”.
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What SMILE is designed to learn
SMILE combines four instruments to study how the solar wind affects Earth’s magnetosphere and, in turn, the aurora. Two instruments make remote images; two measure conditions near the spacecraft. The combination is intended to connect incoming solar-wind and magnetosheath conditions with changes in Earth’s magnetic environment.
| Instrument | What it measures | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Soft X-ray Imager (SXI) | Soft X-rays from the interaction around Earth’s magnetosphere | Remote sensing |
| Ultraviolet Imager (UVI) | Ultraviolet auroral emissions | Remote sensing |
| Magnetometer (MAG) | Magnetic field near the spacecraft | In-situ measurement |
| Light Ion Analyser (LIA) | Light ions near the spacecraft | In-situ measurement |
ESA’s mission overview gives SMILE a planned three-year lifetime and a headline observing orbit reaching 121,000 km above the North Pole. Those are mission design figures, not results of the July video. ESA says UVI can observe aurora continuously for up to 45 hours and, depending on orbit, take an image every 60 seconds at 30–90 km resolution. The APOD time-lapse is only the displayed portion of one observation, not a 45-hour recording. ESA mission overview; ESA UVI explainer.
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SMILE’s status when the video was published
ESA reported that SMILE reached its target science orbit on June 20, 2026, and was declared ready to begin science operations on September 23. In its September 30 update, ESA said UVI had already captured the footage while commissioning continued. SXI had taken first images, but excess stray light remained when it pointed toward Earth. ESA described changes to onboard settings and software and expected the unwanted light to reach a minimum in mid-October, potentially enabling a first useful image of the magnetopause or northern polar cusp. That was ESA’s expectation at the time of the update, not confirmation that such an image was later obtained. ESA, September 30, 2026.
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