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Move or Resize a Win32 Window with SetWindowPos

Use SetWindowPos to move or resize a Win32 window, with the right flags for position, size, Z order, activation, and redraw behavior.
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Use the Win32 SetWindowPos function to move or resize a child, pop-up, or top-level window. Set X and Y to its new position and cx and cy to its width and height; use flags such as SWP_NOSIZE or SWP_NOMOVE to leave either unchanged.

What SetWindowPos changes

SetWindowPos sets a window’s position and size and can change its position in the Z order—the front-to-back order of overlapping windows. Microsoft describes it as changing “the size, position, and Z order of a child, pop-up, or top-level window.” Microsoft Learn: SetWindowPos function.

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The function takes a window handle, an insertion-after handle or special Z-order value, coordinates, dimensions, and a flags bitmask. Coordinates and dimensions are in pixels. Its declaration is provided by winuser.h; the reference is for desktop apps.

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Choose coordinates and dimensions

Pass the target window in hWnd, then use X and Y for the new left and top position, and cx and cy for width and height. The position’s coordinate space depends on the window:

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  • Top-level windows: coordinates are relative to the screen’s upper-left origin.
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Keep properties you do not want to change

Set flags in the final parameter to preserve position, size, Z order, or activation as needed. When SWP_NOMOVE or SWP_NOSIZE is set, the corresponding position or dimension arguments are ignored. With SWP_NOZORDER, the insertion-after parameter is ignored.

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Flag Effect
SWP_NOMOVE Keep the current position.
SWP_NOSIZE Keep the current size.
SWP_NOZORDER Keep the current Z order.
SWP_NOACTIVATE Do not activate the window.
SWP_NOREDRAW Do not repaint the affected window areas; the application must arrange the necessary redraw itself.

Use SWP_NOREDRAW only when your application manages repainting, including invalidating or redrawing the affected areas. Consult the SetWindowPos reference for the complete parameter and flag definitions.

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Check the result

The function returns a nonzero BOOL on success and zero on failure. If it fails, call GetLastError for extended error information, as described in the Microsoft API reference.

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When another positioning function fits better

Choose based on whether you are positioning one window or several, and whether saved placement or show state matters:

Function Use it when
SetWindowPos You need to set one window’s position or size and may also need flags for activation, visibility, or Z order.
MoveWindow You need to set the position or size of one window without the additional flag controls offered by SetWindowPos.
SetWindowPlacement You need to work with minimized and maximized positions, restored size and position, or show state.
BeginDeferWindowPos, DeferWindowPos, and EndDeferWindowPos You need to position several windows together using the documented deferred-positioning sequence.

Microsoft groups these among its window size and position functions; the deferred sequence is documented in its DeferWindowPos reference.

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Windows development setup

For Win32 development, Microsoft’s Windows SDK overview describes the SDK as providing platform headers, libraries, metadata, and build tools. Its version and Windows targeting details change over time, so check that page for current release information. Microsoft’s Win32 getting-started guidance points to Visual Studio with the Desktop development with C++ workload; its development environment setup guide identifies the Windows SDK or Visual Studio for writing Windows programs in C or C++.

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Quick Recap

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