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Repair common Windows errors and clear accumulated junk for a smoother, more stable PC - no reinstall needed.Free scan · no reinstallMinecraft status effects are temporary or persistent modifiers that change movement, mining, combat, health, visibility, underwater survival, or world events. They can help, harm, or trigger special encounters. The complete list is not identical in Java Edition and Bedrock Edition, so always check the edition and version before brewing a potion or using a command.
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Most effects come from potions, beacons, conduits, food, mobs, structures, tipped arrows, or commands. Milk is the usual way to remove many active effects, while an omen can be cleared before its event begins. In Java Edition 1.21, Mojang added six named effects: Infested, Oozing, Weaving, Wind Charged, Raid Omen, and Trial Omen.
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What a Minecraft status effect is
A status effect is a game modifier attached to a player or other entity. Each effect has a duration and, for many effects, a level called an amplifier. A higher level normally makes the effect stronger, although the exact scaling depends on the effect. Some effects act continuously, some tick at intervals, some apply immediately, and the 1.21 spawn effects do something when the affected entity is hurt or dies.
The word effect is used broadly in the game. A potion effect is an effect supplied by a potion, splash potion, lingering potion, or tipped arrow. A status effect also includes modifiers supplied by beacons, conduits, mobs, food, structures, and commands. In other words, every potion effect is a status effect, but not every status effect comes from a potion.
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Every effect, grouped by what it changes
The table describes the practical behavior of each named effect. “Both” means the effect is represented in both major editions, while “Java” or “Bedrock” identifies an edition-specific entry in the current references. Some names and obtainable sources vary by release, so verify the version when building a farm or command system.
Movement and mining effects
| Effect | Role | What it does | Typical source | Edition |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Speed | Positive | Increases walking and sprinting speed. | Potions, beacons, commands | Both |
| Slowness | Negative | Reduces movement speed; Slowness IV and higher can prevent ordinary movement. | Potions, hostile mobs, commands | Both |
| Haste | Positive | Makes blocks break faster and improves attack speed through faster mining. | Beacons, commands | Both |
| Mining Fatigue | Negative | Greatly slows mining and attack speed, most famously when an elder guardian applies it. | Elder guardians, commands | Both |
| Jump Boost | Positive | Raises jump height and reduces the effective fall distance by level. | Potions, beacons, commands | Both |
| Levitation | Special | Moves the entity upward; normal falling resumes when the effect expires. | Shulkers, commands | Both |
| Slow Falling | Positive | Slows descent and prevents fall damage while active. | Potions, commands | Both |
Health, damage, and defense
| Effect | Role | What it does | Typical source | Edition |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regeneration | Positive | Restores health over time. | Potions, beacons, food or mobs, commands | Both |
| Instant Health | Positive or harmful | Immediately heals living targets and damages undead targets. | Potions, splash potions, tipped arrows | Both |
| Instant Damage | Harmful or beneficial | Immediately damages living targets and heals undead targets. | Potions, splash potions, tipped arrows | Both |
| Poison | Negative | Deals periodic damage but normally cannot reduce a player below one-half heart. | Potions, witches, cave spiders, food, commands | Both |
| Fatal Poison | Negative | Continues damaging until death instead of stopping at half a heart. | Commands and edition-specific mechanics | Bedrock |
| Wither | Negative | Deals periodic damage, can kill, and uses a distinct wither-style damage effect rather than poison. | Wither skeletons, withers, commands | Both |
| Resistance | Positive | Reduces incoming damage. | Beacons, commands | Both |
| Fire Resistance | Positive | Prevents damage from fire, lava, and other hot-environment sources while active. | Potions, commands | Both |
| Absorption | Positive | Adds temporary extra hearts that are consumed before normal health. | Golden foods, commands | Both |
| Health Boost | Positive | Raises maximum health while active; the added capacity must be filled by healing. | Commands and special mechanics | Both, availability varies |
Combat and hunger
| Effect | Role | What it does | Typical source | Edition |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strength | Positive | Increases melee attack damage. | Potions, beacons, commands | Both |
| Weakness | Negative | Reduces melee attack damage. | Potions, witches, commands | Both |
| Hunger | Negative | Increases exhaustion and drains the food bar faster. | Husks, rotten food, commands | Both |
| Saturation | Positive | Immediately restores food and saturation; it is a burst resource effect rather than a long combat buff. | Commands and food mechanics | Both |
Vision, stealth, and underwater effects
| Effect | Role | What it does | Typical source | Edition |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Night Vision | Positive | Brightens dark areas as if they were well lit. | Potions, commands | Both |
| Invisibility | Positive or tactical | Hides the entity model, but armor, held items, particles, and some mob-detection rules can still reveal or detect it. | Potions, commands | Both |
| Blindness | Negative | Sharply limits vision and prevents sprinting and critical attacks. | Suspicious stew, mobs, commands | Both |
| Darkness | Negative | Repeatedly dims the screen and heavily restricts visibility; it is associated with sculk and the Warden’s environment. | Wardens, sculk shriekers, commands | Both, implementation differs |
| Glowing | Positive or tactical | Outlines an entity so it can be seen through blocks. | Arrows, spectral effects, commands | Primarily Java in current references |
| Water Breathing | Positive | Stops the air meter from draining underwater. | Potions, commands | Both |
| Conduit Power | Positive | Combines underwater breathing, underwater night vision, and improved underwater mining near an active conduit. | Active conduits, commands | Both |
| Dolphin’s Grace | Positive | Greatly improves swimming speed when granted by dolphins. | Dolphins | Java |
Events, reputation, and special spawning
| Effect | Role | What it does | Typical source | Edition |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bad Omen | Event-triggering | The older raid-omen concept; in modern 1.21 behavior it transforms into an event-specific omen when the relevant village or structure condition is met. | Illager captains and related encounters | Both, 1.21 behavior differs |
| Raid Omen | Event-triggering | Starts a raid after its countdown expires in a village. | Modern omen encounters | Both in current 1.21-era systems |
| Trial Omen | Event-triggering | Makes a nearby Trial Spawner ominous, increasing the challenge and changing rewards. | Ominous Trial encounters | Both |
| Infested | On hurt | When the affected entity is hurt, it has a 10% chance to spawn one or two silverfish. | Awkward Potion plus Stone; 1.21 encounters | Java and Bedrock 1.21 |
| Oozing | On death | Spawns two slimes when the affected entity dies, subject to the entity-cramming cap and slime immunity. | Awkward Potion plus Slime Block; 1.21 encounters | Java and Bedrock 1.21 |
| Weaving | On death and movement | Spreads cobweb blocks on death. An affected entity moves through cobweb at 50% of normal cobweb speed instead of 25%. | Awkward Potion plus Cobweb; 1.21 encounters | Java and Bedrock 1.21 |
| Wind Charged | On death | Emits a wind burst when the affected entity dies. | Awkward Potion plus Breeze Rod; 1.21 encounters | Java and Bedrock 1.21 |
| Village Hero | Positive or reputation-related | Represents the village-benefit status associated with defending a village; naming and availability differ by edition and release. | Village events, commands | Edition-dependent |
| Nausea | Negative | Distorts the player’s view with a disorienting screen effect. | Food, mobs, commands | Both, source availability varies |
| Breath of the Nautilus | Special identifier | It is present in the current Bedrock effect enum, but the cited command documentation does not define its gameplay behavior. | Command identifier | Bedrock |
What duration and amplifier mean
Duration is the remaining time, normally shown on the inventory screen in seconds or minutes. When a source reapplies the same effect, the game may refresh or replace the timer according to that source’s rules. A long-duration effect is not automatically stronger than a short one; duration answers “how long,” while the amplifier answers “how powerful.”
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Outbyte PC Repair FREEClear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsFree Scan →Outbyte Driver Updater FREEFix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesFind Drivers →Amplifiers are displayed to players as effect levels such as Strength II, but command syntax uses a numeric value. In Bedrock, the documented default amplifier is 0, which produces the first level. Therefore a value of 1 means the second level, and so on. Potions, beacons, mobs, and commands do not all expose every level or duration in the same way.
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Some effects are not ordinary stat boosts. Instant Health and Instant Damage resolve immediately. Poison, Wither, and Regeneration tick over time. Infested reacts to being hurt, while Oozing, Weaving, and Wind Charged wait for death. Omen effects are timers connected to an upcoming event rather than simple combat buffs.
How players obtain status effects
Potions and tipped arrows
Brewing is the most flexible survival method. A normal potion affects the drinker, a splash potion affects entities in its impact area, and a lingering potion leaves a cloud that can apply its effect repeatedly. Tipped arrows carry a potion effect to targets they hit. Exact recipes and obtainable effects vary between Java and Bedrock, so use the recipe for your edition.
Mojang’s 1.21 notes list four new effect recipes. Add the named ingredient to an Awkward Potion: Stone creates Infested, a Slime Block creates Oozing, a Cobweb creates Weaving, and a Breeze Rod creates Wind Charged.
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Beacons and conduits
Beacons provide a selectable set of beneficial effects to players inside their powered range, including movement, mining, strength, jump, and resistance choices. A conduit supplies Conduit Power to nearby players in water when it is correctly built and activated. These sources are persistent infrastructure rather than drinkable items, so they are useful for bases, mines, and ocean projects.
Food, mobs, and structures
Food and suspicious foods can apply effects, and hostile or neutral mobs can impose effects during attacks or encounters. Elder guardians are the classic source of Mining Fatigue; shulkers apply Levitation; dolphins can grant Dolphin’s Grace in Java; and village, raid, trial, and sculk systems provide event-related effects. Commands can apply almost any identifier exposed by the edition’s command system.
How to remove an effect
Milk
Drink milk to clear many active status effects in ordinary survival play. It is the standard emergency response to poison, Mining Fatigue, and other harmful modifiers, but it also removes beneficial effects, so drink it only when losing your buffs is acceptable. For omen systems, clear the omen before its countdown reaches the event if you do not want the raid or ominous trial.
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Wait for the timer
Most effects expire naturally. This is often safer than drinking milk when you are relying on Fire Resistance, Night Vision, or another useful buff. Effects supplied by a beacon or conduit can return while you remain in range; leaving that range stops the source from maintaining them.
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With cheats enabled, use the command’s clear form to remove all effects or one named effect. Command permissions and syntax differ between editions, so do not paste a Bedrock command into a Java server without checking that server’s command format.
Bedrock /effect command reference
Microsoft’s 2025 Bedrock documentation gives this form, and cheats are required:
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/effect <player: target> <effect: Effect> [seconds: int] [amplifier: int] [hideParticles: Boolean]The documented defaults are 30 seconds for duration, amplifier 0, and hidden particles set to false. You can use infinite instead of a numeric duration when the command and release support it.
Useful examples
/effect @s speed 60 1 false
/effect @p night_vision infinite 0 true
/effect @a clear
/effect @s clear poison@stargets the command executor,@pthe nearest player, and@aall players.- The second numeric value is zero-based:
0is level I and1is level II. - Set the final Boolean to
truewhen you want to hide effect particles. - Use
clearalone to remove every effect from the target, or add an effect identifier to remove only that effect.
If a command fails, check that cheats are enabled, the target selector resolves to a player, the effect name is valid for Bedrock, and the command is being run in a Bedrock world rather than a Java server.
What changed in Minecraft 1.21
Java Edition 1.21 added six named status effects: Infested, Oozing, Weaving, Wind Charged, Raid Omen, and Trial Omen. The first four are encounter and combat modifiers with physical consequences; the last two are event timers linked to raids and Trial Spawners.
In the Bedrock 1.21 changelog, Mojang specifies the memorable mechanics: Infested has a 10% chance to release one or two silverfish when the affected entity is hurt; Oozing releases two slimes on death; Weaving spreads cobweb blocks on death and changes movement through cobweb to 50% of normal cobweb speed; Wind Charged emits a wind burst on death. Slime and silverfish immunities and the entity-cramming limit can prevent the expected number of spawns.
Choosing effects for common survival tasks
Mining underground
- Use Haste for faster block breaking when a beacon can cover the work area.
- Use Night Vision to remove darkness without placing torches everywhere.
- Carry milk when exploring an ocean monument because an elder guardian can impose Mining Fatigue.
Nether and lava travel
- Fire Resistance is the direct protection against fire and lava damage.
- Slow Falling helps with drops and bridge accidents in places where a fall is likely.
- Keep the effect’s remaining duration visible before entering a long lava route; a short timer is not a substitute for a safe return path.
Ocean monuments and underwater builds
- Water Breathing preserves the air meter.
- Night Vision improves visibility, while Conduit Power combines underwater breathing, underwater night vision, and improved underwater mining near an active conduit.
- Milk removes Mining Fatigue but also removes useful underwater effects, so plan a replacement potion or conduit area.
Combat and raids
- Strength improves melee damage; Resistance reduces incoming damage; Regeneration repairs health over time.
- Poison cannot normally finish a player, but Wither can kill and Fatal Poison in Bedrock continues until death.
- Clear Raid Omen before its countdown ends if you do not want a raid to start in a village.
Mob and farm experiments
- Infested, Oozing, Weaving, and Wind Charged are useful for controlled 1.21 encounter designs because their important behavior occurs on hurt or death.
- Account for entity-cramming limits and immunity rules when measuring the result; the effect does not guarantee unlimited extra mobs.
Java and Bedrock differences to check before you play
The effect names visible to commands are not a universal cross-edition list. Bedrock’s current command enum includes Fatal Poison, Trial Omen, Wind Charged, Weaving, Oozing, Infested, Raid Omen, and Breath of the Nautilus, along with the familiar effects. Java references identify Glowing and Dolphin’s Grace as meaningful entries that are not exposed identically in Bedrock. Nausea, Village Hero, Bad Omen, Darkness, and the 1.21 effects can also differ in source, naming, or event behavior.
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Before following a guide, confirm four things: your edition, your exact game version, whether the effect is obtainable in survival or only by command, and whether the guide uses a Java or Bedrock amplifier convention. An effect appearing in an enum does not prove that it has a survival recipe, and the presence of a potion recipe in one edition does not guarantee the same recipe in the other.
Quick Recap
Common mistakes and fixes
- Using a level number directly as a Bedrock amplifier: subtract one. Level I is amplifier 0.
- Expecting milk to preserve buffs: milk clears beneficial effects as well as harmful ones.
- Assuming invisibility makes an entity undetectable: armor, held items, particles, and mob-specific detection can still give it away.
- Calling every modifier a potion effect: beacons, conduits, mobs, food, and events also supply status effects.
- Expecting an immediate result from a 1.21 spawn effect: Infested waits for hurt, while Oozing, Weaving, and Wind Charged wait for death.
- Copying a command from the wrong edition: use the syntax and identifiers documented for the world you are actually playing.
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