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MCP SSE vs. Streamable HTTP: How to Tell Which Transport a Server Uses

Legacy MCP HTTP+SSE uses separate endpoints; Streamable HTTP uses one endpoint. The 2025-11-25 detection flow relies on an initialization POST and a specific GET fallback, but later protocol changes make version checks essential.
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For the 2025-11-25 MCP specification, the compatibility check is: POST an InitializeRequest to the candidate URL; if that fails with HTTP 400, 404, or 405, make a GET request and look for the legacy transport’s first endpoint event. That procedure is specific to the 2025-11-25 guidance—not a timeless fingerprint. MCP’s 2026-07-28 revision removes initialization, so clients must check which protocol version the server supports before applying a detection rule.

What distinguishes legacy HTTP+SSE from Streamable HTTP?

Both transports can use server-sent events (SSE), but they organize communication differently. Legacy HTTP+SSE, specified in the 2024-11-05 transport, uses one endpoint to establish an SSE stream for server messages and a separate HTTP POST endpoint for client messages. Streamable HTTP uses one MCP endpoint that supports POST and GET.

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Characteristic Legacy HTTP+SSE (2024-11-05) Streamable HTTP
Endpoint layout Separate SSE endpoint for server messages and POST endpoint for client messages. One MCP endpoint supports HTTP POST and GET.
Client messages POST to the message endpoint provided during the legacy SSE setup. POST JSON-RPC messages to the MCP endpoint.
Server messages Sent over the SSE endpoint. A POST can return JSON or an SSE stream; GET can open a server-to-client SSE stream.
2025-11-25 compatibility check After the specified POST failure, GET the candidate URL; a first endpoint event identifies this legacy setup. A successful InitializeRequest POST indicates Streamable HTTP in that compatibility procedure.

The presence of an SSE response alone does not identify legacy HTTP+SSE: Streamable HTTP can also use SSE for responses or a GET stream.

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How to detect the transport under the 2025-11-25 guidance

Use this procedure only when checking compatibility according to the MCP 2025-11-25 transport specification. Its fallback distinguishes the legacy setup from Streamable HTTP; it is not a universal rule for every MCP version.

  1. Start with the candidate MCP URL.
  2. Send an HTTP POST containing an InitializeRequest. Set Accept to include both application/json and text/event-stream, as the specification requires for this request.
  3. If the request succeeds, treat the server as supporting Streamable HTTP for this compatibility procedure.
  4. If it fails with HTTP 400, 404, or 405, issue an HTTP GET to the candidate URL.
  5. Inspect the SSE setup. If its first event is endpoint, classify the server as using legacy HTTP+SSE and follow the message endpoint supplied by that event.

Other errors, a failed connection, or an SSE response without the specified endpoint event do not establish the transport using this procedure. Check the server’s documented protocol support rather than inferring a transport from an unrelated failure.

Why the protocol version changes the answer

In the 2025-11-25 version

Streamable HTTP supports POST and GET at one MCP endpoint. A POST can receive a normal JSON response or an SSE stream. A client may also use GET to open a server-to-client SSE stream. If the server assigns an MCP-Session-Id during initialization, the client includes it in subsequent requests; subsequent HTTP requests also use MCP-Protocol-Version. These session and initialization details belong to this version.

In the 2026-07-28 release

The MCP maintainers describe a further revision that removes the initialize/initialized handshake and protocol session header. Requests carry protocol version, client identity, and capabilities in _meta; Streamable HTTP requires Mcp-Method and Mcp-Name headers. Consequently, a client for this revision should not blindly send the older InitializeRequest and interpret every resulting error as evidence of legacy SSE. First establish which protocol revisions the client and server support, then apply that revision’s transport instructions.

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The maintainers’ 2026-07-28 release article says legacy HTTP+SSE is officially deprecated with a “year-long offramp” and a twelve-month minimum deprecation window. Treat that as the maintainers’ stated transition policy, not as a guarantee that every server or client will retire the transport on the same date; check the support policy for the specific implementation.

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Security checks for remote MCP connections

The MCP 2025-11-25 transport specification sets out security requirements and recommendations for Streamable HTTP. Apply them in the context of the version you implement:

  • Validate Origin: Servers must validate incoming Origin headers to help prevent DNS rebinding. If a present Origin is invalid, the server must return HTTP 403.
  • Bind local servers narrowly: The specification says locally run servers should bind to 127.0.0.1 rather than 0.0.0.0.
  • Use authentication: The specification recommends proper authentication for Streamable HTTP servers.

These statements are from the 2025-11-25 transport specification; consult the applicable version’s security section when implementing a newer revision.

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