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In collisions between sodium atoms and sodium–lithium molecules (Na + NaLi), tuning a magnetic field near an atom–molecule Feshbach resonance changed the measured collision loss by more than a factor of 100, according to a report on a 2022 study. That loss included both inelastic scattering and chemical reactions, so the result is not evidence that the field simply switched a reaction on or off.
What the experiment measured
The study examined collisions between a sodium atom and a sodium–lithium molecule, not collisions between two molecules. The possible outcomes included elastic scattering, inelastic scattering and chemical reaction. Elastic collisions change particles’ motion without necessarily removing them from the trapped sample. Inelastic scattering and chemical reactions can remove particles, so both contribute to the observed collision loss.
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That distinction matters: the reported change of more than a factor of 100 was a change in measured loss, not a direct measurement showing that the chemical-reaction rate alone changed by that amount. The available account does not provide exact resonance field values or rate coefficients. Chemistry World’s report of the 2022 study summarizes the result.
How a magnetic field changes a collision
A Feshbach resonance occurs when the quantum state of freely colliding particles becomes coupled to a bound state of the atom–molecule system. Near a resonance, the colliding wavefunction mixes with that bound-state wavefunction. Changing the magnetic field tunes the relationship between them, altering the coupling and the interference between possible collision pathways.
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In this Na + NaLi system, the reported explanation is that this wavefunction mixing changed the collision outcome. The account contrasts this with electric-field approaches that can alter interactions at longer range: here, the long-range interaction remained van der Waals in character, while resonance tuning affected the collision wavefunction. This description applies to the studied system; it is not a general claim that magnetic fields cannot affect long-range interactions in other settings.
Why the two resonances did not behave alike
The report describes two resonances with different strengths and different inferred intermediate-state behavior. Their contrast helps explain why a magnetic field does not produce a simple rule such as “stronger field means more reaction.”
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| Resonance | Reported behavior | Interpretation in the report |
|---|---|---|
| Stronger | Associated with the larger loss amplification; the report describes loss changing by more than a factor of 100 as the field was tuned across a resonance. | More likely to populate a long-lived intermediate, where stronger quantum interference affects the outcome. |
| Weaker | Also affected collision loss, but with less amplification than the stronger resonance. | More likely to populate a more chemically reactive intermediate, with weaker interference. |
These are the reported explanations for the two observed resonances, not a universal ranking of reaction rates. Because the measurement combines inelastic scattering and reaction, total loss alone does not identify how much of the change came from each process.
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What the result does—and does not—show
The work is a controlled-system demonstration of magnetic tuning in ultracold atom–molecule collisions. It supports the possibility of using resonance control to influence ultracold chemistry and, potentially, to prepare ensembles in the same state. Those are future prospects described in connection with the result, not applications demonstrated by this experiment.
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The study is reported as H. Son et al., Science 375 (2022), p. 1006, DOI 10.1126/science.abl7257. The earlier electric-field comparison is K. Matsuda et al., Science 370 (2020), p. 1324, DOI 10.1126/science.abe7370. The available report does not establish exact field strengths, temperatures or rate coefficients, so those quantities should not be inferred from the factor-of-100 loss change.
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