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Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problemsFix Now →Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesFind Drivers →Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsFree Scan →Build a small Kanban board with HTML, CSS, and vanilla JavaScript by representing work as cards inside workflow columns, then using the browser’s native drag-and-drop events to move those cards. This walkthrough starts with a working three-column board and adds movement, responsive styling, and practical next steps without a framework.
What the board will do
The core is deliberately modest: a To Do, In Progress, and Done column, each holding task cards. Users can drag a card to another column. The example uses in-page movement; it does not include task creation, editing, deletion, or collaboration.
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MDN’s Kanban guide uses a similar board to explain drag-and-drop. Its demonstrated starter board has hardcoded columns and tasks, so treat dynamic task management as a separate extension.
1. Create the board markup
Give each column a heading and a task list. Use a data attribute to identify each workflow status, and give each task a stable identifier rather than relying on a repeated global DOM ID.
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<main class="board" aria-label="Kanban board">
<section class="column" data-status="todo">
<h2>To Do</h2>
<ul class="task-list">
<li class="task" data-task-id="task-1" draggable="true">Plan the page</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section class="column" data-status="doing">
<h2>In Progress</h2>
<ul class="task-list">
<li class="task" data-task-id="task-2" draggable="true">Build the board</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section class="column" data-status="done">
<h2>Done</h2>
<ul class="task-list"></ul>
</section>
</main>The draggable attribute makes ordinary task elements draggable. Images, links, and text selections have browser-provided drag behavior of their own; avoid making nested controls or links confusing parts of a drag interaction.
2. Style columns for different screen widths
A flexible layout lets columns sit side by side when there is room and stack on narrow screens. The 600 CSS-pixel breakpoint below is an example, not a universal cutoff.
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* { box-sizing: border-box; }
.board {
display: flex;
align-items: flex-start;
gap: 1rem;
}
.column {
flex: 1 1 0;
min-width: 0;
padding: 1rem;
background: #f1f3f5;
border-radius: 0.5rem;
}
.task-list {
min-height: 4rem;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
list-style: none;
}
.task {
margin: 0 0 0.75rem;
padding: 0.75rem;
background: white;
border: 1px solid #d9dee3;
border-radius: 0.35rem;
cursor: grab;
}
.task:active { cursor: grabbing; }
.column.is-over { outline: 2px solid #3973d6; }
@media (max-width: 600px) {
.board { flex-direction: column; }
.column { width: 100%; }
}3. Track a drag and accept drops
The browser emits dragstart when dragging begins, repeated drag and dragover events during movement, dragenter and dragleave as the pointer crosses elements, drop at the destination, and dragend when the operation finishes. Use start and end events for temporary state; do not expect intermediate events to run only once.
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const board = document.querySelector(".board");
let draggedTask = null;
board.addEventListener("dragstart", (event) => {
const task = event.target.closest(".task");
if (!task || !board.contains(task)) return;
draggedTask = task;
event.dataTransfer.effectAllowed = "move";
event.dataTransfer.setData("text/plain", task.dataset.taskId);
});
board.addEventListener("dragover", (event) => {
const column = event.target.closest(".column");
if (!column || !board.contains(column)) return;
if (!event.dataTransfer.types.includes("text/plain")) return;
event.preventDefault();
event.dataTransfer.dropEffect = "move";
});
board.addEventListener("drop", (event) => {
const column = event.target.closest(".column");
if (!column || !board.contains(column)) return;
const taskId = event.dataTransfer.getData("text/plain");
if (!taskId || !draggedTask || draggedTask.dataset.taskId !== taskId) return;
event.preventDefault();
column.querySelector(".task-list").append(draggedTask);
draggedTask = null;
});
board.addEventListener("dragend", () => {
draggedTask = null;
});This minimal version keeps a reference to the dragged element in memory and also carries its identifier in DataTransfer. For a small, single board that is straightforward. The drag data store has timing constraints: write custom data during dragstart and read it during drop; do not treat it as a general-purpose JavaScript object store available to every event.
The code uses event delegation on the board, so listeners also work for tasks added later. If you add nested buttons, links, or drag handles, refine the selector and interaction so a click on a control does not accidentally start a card drag.
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4. Choose how cards land in a column
Append to the end
The sample appends the card to the destination list. This is the simplest behavior and is often enough to demonstrate moving tasks between workflow stages.
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Insert at a chosen position
To support reordering within a column or dropping between specific cards, calculate the intended position and show a placeholder while the user drags. Remove or reposition that placeholder on drop. Be careful with dragleave: it can fire when the pointer moves from a column into one of its child elements. Before removing the placeholder, check whether the related target remains inside the same column.
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5. Keep task state consistent
For a teaching demo, moving the existing DOM element is sufficient. If the board grows, represent tasks as structured application state, for example objects with an ID, title, status, and order. On drop, update that state first and then render the board from it. This makes column and ordering changes explicit instead of treating markup as the only record of the board.
Task creation, editing, and deletion are separate features: they need controls, input handling, validation, and state updates. Add them after the core movement works rather than implying they are included in the drag-and-drop example.
6. Decide whether a refresh should keep the board
A board that exists only in memory resets when the page reloads. For a small single-browser project, you can serialize structured task state to localStorage and read it during startup. MDN documents the browser API at Window: localStorage.
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Saving locally is not shared or server-backed collaboration. Choose and maintain your own stored format, including how the app handles malformed or older saved data; the cited API reference does not prescribe a task schema, migration strategy, sync, or backup behavior.
7. Provide a way to move tasks without dragging
Dragging has a text-selection trade-off: MDN notes that users may need Alt or the keyboard to select text inside a draggable element. Consider a task menu or explicit controls such as “Move to In Progress” and “Move to Done,” implemented to update the same task state as a drop. That gives users a non-drag option; the exact keyboard and assistive-technology interaction needs to be designed and checked rather than assumed from the drag-and-drop example.
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