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Installing Software on a Mac From Outside the App Store: Step-by-Step

A file-by-file guide to installing Mac software from outside the App Store—and deciding how to respond when macOS cannot verify an app.

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You can install Mac software from a developer’s website by opening the downloaded file and following the steps for its format: copy an app bundle to Applications if instructed, open a disk image and use its contents, or run a package installer. Before opening it, confirm you downloaded the genuine Mac version from a source you trust. macOS checks downloaded software, but a security check—or a successful launch—is not a guarantee that an app is safe.

Before you install: verify the download

Prefer the software developer’s genuine website and confirm that the download is intended for macOS. The Mac App Store is Apple’s safest place to get apps; a direct download has not necessarily undergone App Store review. macOS applies security checks to internet downloads too. Apple explains how these checks work.

Open Finder, select Downloads in the sidebar, and identify the file the developer supplied. It may be an app, a disk image, or an installer package. If the file or its source is unexpected, don’t open it.

Install according to the file type

If you downloaded a disk image (.dmg)

  1. In Finder, open Downloads and double-click the .dmg file. macOS mounts it as a volume.
  2. Open the mounted volume and follow the developer’s directions. If they say to install by copying the app, drag it to Applications.
  3. When you are finished, eject the mounted volume in Finder. Open the installed app from Applications, or as the developer directs.

A disk image is a container, not a promise that it contains an installer. Its contents and installation instructions can vary. Apple describes mounted disk images as volumes from which you can copy, move, or open files. See Apple’s internet and disc installation guide and its deployment guidance on app security.

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If you downloaded a package (.pkg)

  1. In Downloads, double-click the package file, which typically looks like an open box.
  2. Follow the installer’s onscreen instructions. If double-clicking does not launch it, open the package directly and try again.

Do not drag a .pkg file into Applications as though it were an app. A package runs an installer that may place files in different locations. Apple’s installation guide covers package files.

If you downloaded a standalone app

  1. Follow the developer’s instructions. If they say to install by moving the app, drag it into the Applications folder in Finder.
  2. Open it from Applications or as the developer directs. macOS may ask you to approve opening downloaded software the first time.

Understand the security message before acting

Gatekeeper is macOS technology designed to help ensure that only trusted software runs on a Mac. For apps, plug-ins, and installer packages from outside the App Store, macOS checks the Developer ID signature to identify the developer and check that the software has not been altered. By default, macOS Catalina and later also require notarization. Apple says notarization means it checked the software for malicious content and detected none. These checks help identify known problems; they do not prove an app is harmless. Apple’s safety guidance and Mac app security documentation describe them.

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A first-open confirmation

A prompt asking you to confirm that you want to open a new app from an identified developer is not the same as a warning that Apple cannot check it for malicious software. Read the message and make sure the app is the one you intended to open before confirming.

“Apple cannot check the app for malicious software”

Stop rather than dismissing this warning automatically. It means macOS cannot establish the relevant checks for the app. Apple says an app from an unknown developer has not been reviewed and that macOS cannot verify whether it has been modified or broken. First confirm that you deliberately downloaded the app from the developer’s genuine source and that the app’s identity and download match what you expected.

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Apple warns that “Overriding security settings to open an app is the most common way that a Mac gets infected with malware.” Read Apple’s warning and instructions. If you cannot establish that the app is trustworthy and has not been tampered with, do not override the warning.

Consider a per-app override only if you are certain

If you have verified the source and are certain the app is trustworthy and unmodified, Apple’s instructions describe a temporary, per-app option:

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  1. Try to open the app so macOS displays the warning.
  2. Open Apple menu  > System Settings, then select Privacy & Security.
  3. Scroll to the Security section and select Open Anyway for the app.
  4. Confirm that you want to open it. macOS may ask for your login password.

The Open Anyway button is available for about an hour after the opening attempt, according to Apple’s Mac Help instructions. Labels and availability can vary by macOS version and security policy. Do not disable Gatekeeper globally or make bypassing warnings a routine installation step. On an organization-managed Mac, the option may be unavailable; contact your administrator instead. See Apple’s safe-opening guidance and its unknown-developer instructions.

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Remove an app you no longer need

If the app includes an uninstaller, use it. Otherwise, in Finder open Applications and drag the app to the Trash. Quit the app first if it is running. Emptying the Trash permanently removes it; files created with the app may no longer open. Some apps required by macOS cannot be removed. Apple’s installation and removal guide provides more detail.

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