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World desk4 min

Industrial Robot Refurbishment vs. Recycling: How to Choose

Refurbish a robot only when it can meet the job and has verifiable support; recycle equipment that cannot reasonably return to service, and ask whether the routes can be combined.
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Neither refurbishment nor recycling is universally better. Refurbishment makes sense when a robot can safely meet the production need and has credible inspection, testing, parts, software, and service support. Recycling is the material-recovery route when the robot or its components cannot reasonably return to service. Some programs combine both: refurbish usable equipment and send non-reusable material to recycling.

What is the difference between refurbishment and recycling?

Refurbishment aims to return a robot, controller, or component to service. Recycling recovers materials or usable components from equipment that is no longer viable for continued use. They are different stages in an asset decision, not necessarily competing all-or-nothing choices: equipment that cannot be reused may still yield parts or materials for recovery.

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ABB describes a circular service portfolio that includes repair, parts, upgrades, retrofits, buy-back, remanufacturing, refurbishment, reuse, and recycling. KUKA likewise describes refurbishment and retrofit, buy-back and resale, and recovery of usable parts from robots and controllers that are not suitable for upgrading. These are routes to investigate with the relevant provider; availability and terms can vary.

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When should you refurbish a robot?

Consider refurbishment when the robot’s condition and remaining service potential are credible, it can perform the intended task, and the supplier can support the equipment after the work. The decision depends on the specific robot and application, rather than its age alone.

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  • Fit for the job: Confirm that the robot can meet the required production demands and application.
  • Supportability: Check compatibility and availability of controllers, software, parts, and qualified service.
  • Verified condition: Ask for the inspection scope, functional-test records, and any identified limitations.
  • Defined protection: Get the warranty and its exclusions in writing.
  • Complete economics: Compare the refurbishment quote and expected operating costs with other options using the same scope and assumptions.

ABB says its remanufactured robots are inspected and receive a minimum 16-hour functional test; it also states a minimum 12-month warranty for ABB-remanufactured robots and spare parts. Those are ABB’s stated terms for its program, not a standard that applies to every refurbished robot or supplier. See ABB robot remanufacturing.

When is recycling the better route?

Recycling is the practical choice when the robot cannot reasonably meet production requirements, reliable support or parts cannot be secured, or the required refurbishment is not justified for the asset’s expected service. Even then, ask whether components can be recovered for reuse before the remaining material is recycled.

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ABB says 60–80% of a robot can be reused, with the rest sent to certified recycling partners. This is ABB’s company statement; its service page does not give a methodology or date for the figure, so it should not be treated as a universal reuse rate. Ask the provider to describe what it will reuse, refurbish, or recycle for your specific robot.

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What does the environmental evidence say?

ABB states that refurbishing a robot produces 75% less CO2 than producing a new one. That company claim compares refurbishment with new production; it does not show that refurbishment produces 75% less CO2 than recycling. ABB does not state a publication date or methodology for the figure on its service page.

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A 2023 study by Jia, Liu, Yang, Yuan, Wang, and Ma assessed one industrial-robot remanufacturing process using a gate-to-gate life-cycle assessment and one iSNM remanufactured robot as its functional unit. Within that study’s model, fine particulate matter formation, human non-carcinogenic toxicity, and global warming together accounted for 95% of reported environmental impacts; copper and aluminum contributed 42.5% and 37.6% of total impacts, respectively. These are study-specific findings, not general rates, and the study does not directly compare refurbishment with recycling across a robot’s full life cycle. Read the 2023 study.

The UN Environment Programme’s International Resource Panel describes remanufacturing, refurbishment, repair, and direct reuse as value-retention processes with potential environmental, social, and economic benefits, while also noting barriers to scaling them. This is useful general context, not a robot-specific comparison. Read the 2018 industry factsheet.

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How to make the decision for a particular robot

  1. Define the required job. Record the application, performance needs, and production demands the robot must meet.
  2. Get a condition assessment. Ask the provider to identify the robot and component condition, required work, and any limits on expected service.
  3. Verify support. Confirm the supported controller and software versions, parts availability, and who will provide service.
  4. Review proof and protection. Request inspection and functional-testing records, the work scope, and written warranty terms.
  5. Compare options on the same basis. Obtain prices and operating assumptions for refurbishment and the realistic alternatives. For environmental comparisons, require comparable system boundaries and an application-specific assessment.
  6. Specify end-of-life handling. Ask what will return to service, what components will be recovered, and where remaining material will go for recycling.

ABB reports more than 12,000 robots remanufactured globally, six global remanufacturing and workshop repair centers, and around 250 robots taken back per year. The service page does not date those operating counts; treat them as ABB-reported program figures, not independent market statistics. ABB’s program details can help frame questions about inspection, testing, warranty, and take-back, but do not establish local availability or terms for another provider.

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Quick Recap

Bestseller No. 1
Robot Coupe 102699S B R2 Control Feed Attachment, Gray, 26' Height, 12' Width, 12' Length
Robot Coupe 102699S B R2 Control Feed Attachment, Gray, 26" Height, 12" Width, 12" Length
Genuine OEM replacement part; Use genuine OEM parts for safety reliability and performance
$225.00
Bestseller No. 3
Robot Coupe 102690 Discharge Plate
Robot Coupe 102690 Discharge Plate
Genuine OEM replacement part; Use genuine OEM parts for safety, reliability, and optimal performance
$47.74

Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on Amazon at the time of purchase will apply.

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