India is becoming more influential in global technology, but not because it leads every field. Its strongest evidence is exceptional performance in ICT services exports, a large startup base and expanding digital infrastructure, alongside policy efforts to build advanced-technology and semiconductor capabilities. The gaps matter too: India ranked 38th in the 2025 Global Innovation Index, and the index identifies infrastructure and research and development as continuing weaknesses.
What does India’s global technology position look like?
The clearest way to describe India’s position is as a fast-rising innovation economy with standout strengths in some areas—not as the world’s leading technology country across the board. The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) placed India 38th overall in its 2025 Global Innovation Index (GII), first in Central and Southern Asia, and at the top of the lower-middle-income group.
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A single index rank is not a complete account of a technology ecosystem. WIPO’s composite measure combines indicators of innovation inputs and outputs, and cautions that methodology changes and data availability can affect year-to-year comparisons. India’s 2025 rank should therefore be read as a snapshot, not a precise measure of annual progress or proof of leadership in every technology sector.
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1Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitches2Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errors3Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteWIPO’s 2024 edition described India as an innovation overperformer relative to its income level for 14 consecutive years through that edition. That is evidence of performance above what income alone might predict; it is not a claim that India was the world’s top innovator.
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Where does India show its strongest results?
WIPO’s 2025 indicator rankings show a distinctive mix: exceptional performance in traded technology services, solid positions in parts of startup finance and intangible assets, and a less dominant overall innovation rank.
| Measure | India’s 2025 GII position | What it indicates |
|---|---|---|
| ICT services exports | 1st | A major strength in technology services sold internationally. |
| Late-stage venture capital deals | 4th | Strong performance on this indicator of later-stage startup financing. |
| Intangible asset intensity | 8th | A strong showing on WIPO’s measure of intangible assets. |
| Unicorn valuation | 11th | A substantial, though not top-ranked, position on the index’s valuation indicator. |
| Overall Global Innovation Index | 38th | A composite result across a wider set of innovation measures. |
These indicators help explain why India can be highly influential in technology services while remaining outside the GII’s top tier overall. Export strength and startup valuations are important outputs and scaling signals; they do not, by themselves, show that every foundational input or industrial capability is equally strong.
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How are connectivity and digital public infrastructure shaping the ecosystem?
Connectivity provides a platform on which people, businesses and public services can use digital tools, though it does not automatically create innovation. The Government of India traces the current expansion to Digital India, launched in 2015, and reports substantial growth in internet access and data use.
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- The PIB reported 99.56 crore broadband connections in December 2025. A crore is 10 million; this is a connection count, not a count of unique people.
- A separate government backgrounder reported internet connections rising from 25.15 crore in 2014 to 102.86 crore in 2026, and average monthly data consumption rising from 61.66 MB in 2014 to 24.01 GB in December 2025. These are government-reported figures with different reporting dates and should not be conflated with the broadband-connection figure.
Digital public infrastructure (DPI) is the broader layer of digital systems and services that supports participation in the economy and public life. Along with fibre and mobile networks, it can make it easier to deliver services and develop digital products at scale. The figures establish the scale of reported deployment and use; on their own, they do not prove that connectivity caused a particular innovation or that access and quality are uniform for every user.
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What do startup growth and semiconductor plans tell us?
India’s startup base is large and expanding. A January 2026 Ministry of Finance/PIB summary of the Economic Survey 2025–26 reported more than two lakh (200,000) Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT)-recognized startups as of 2025, compared with approximately 500 at the 2016 launch of Startup India. Recognition is an administrative measure of the startup ecosystem; it does not mean every recognized company is active, growing or commercially successful.
Semiconductors point to a different kind of ambition: building domestic industrial capability. The same government summary reported that, as of August 2025, ten semiconductor manufacturing and packaging projects had been approved, with about ₹1.60 lakh crore in proposed cumulative investment. The figure describes approved projects and proposed investment, not completed factories, operational capacity or a mature end-to-end chip supply chain. Those distinctions matter because industrial depth depends on implementation as well as policy commitments.
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Which emerging technologies is India prioritizing?
A June 2026 government backgrounder lists artificial intelligence, semiconductors, quantum technologies, supercomputing, cloud computing and cybersecurity among India’s mission-mode priorities. These are areas where the government is seeking to build capabilities; the list is not evidence that India already leads commercially in each one.
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The priorities span different parts of the technology system. AI, cloud computing and cybersecurity involve software, infrastructure and skilled workforces; quantum technologies and supercomputing require advanced research and computing capacity; semiconductors demand substantial industrial investment and specialized supply chains. Progress in one area does not automatically establish leadership in the others.
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What are the main constraints on India’s innovation ambitions?
WIPO’s assessment points to infrastructure and research and development (R&D) investment as continuing weaknesses. Its 2025 results report India’s R&D spending at 0.65% of GDP in 2020. That figure is for 2020, not a current 2025 or 2026 spending estimate, but it illustrates why strong services exports and startup activity should not be mistaken for uniformly deep investment in innovation inputs.
The distinction is between outputs—such as exported services, startup valuations and intangible assets—and the foundations that sustain them: research funding, infrastructure, financing and industrial capacity. India has evidence of strength in selected outputs, but the GII’s overall rank and identified input gaps show why that success does not yet translate into across-the-board leadership.
How should India’s technology rise be judged?
Judge it by domain and by stage of development. India has a leading position in WIPO’s ICT services export indicator, a large government-recognized startup base and rapidly expanding reported digital connectivity. It is also using policy and approved investment to pursue capabilities in semiconductors and other advanced technologies. Those are meaningful signs of growing global influence, but policy ambitions and announced investment must be distinguished from operating capacity, while the country’s overall innovation rank and dated R&D measure keep the limits in view.
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