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WordPress creates RSS and Atom feeds automatically. On a site using pretty permalinks, start with /feed (for example, https://example.com/feed); /feed/atom requests Atom, while ?feed=rss2 is the query-string form for RSS 2.0. Feed output is rendered by WordPress templates and can be changed with filters, actions, a custom template, or the built-in RSS block.
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Those options serve different jobs: use a filter when you only need to change post content, an action when you are adding fields or namespaces, and a custom template or feed handler when the XML structure itself must change. Keep the result valid XML, preserve the correct MIME type, and test every feed format your readers or integrations consume.
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WordPress describes an RSS feed as “a machine-readable version of the content of a blog or a website.” A feed presents posts and update metadata in XML so feed readers, news applications, aggregators and other software can request new items without loading every page in a browser.
Feeds are separate representations of your content, not separate posts. Publishing, editing or deleting a post changes what the next feed request returns. A feed reader may cache that response, so a change is not necessarily visible to every subscriber immediately.
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Find your WordPress feed URL
The first URL to try
With pretty permalinks enabled, append /feed to the site or archive URL. The home-page feed is commonly https://example.com/feed. An individual post or archive can use the same suffix, such as https://example.com/category/news/feed when that archive exists.
Atom and query-string forms
WordPress also routes feeds with format-specific paths and query arguments:
| Purpose | Typical URL form | WordPress template tag |
|---|---|---|
| RSS 2.0 | /feed or ?feed=rss2 |
rss2_url() |
| RSS 0.92 | ?feed=rss |
rss_url() |
| RSS 1.0 RDF | ?feed=rdf |
rdf_url() |
| Atom | /feed/atom or ?feed=atom |
atom_url() |
| Comments RSS 2.0 | Use the comments-feed URL generated by WordPress | comments_rss2_url() |
The exact pretty URL can differ with permalink and rewrite settings. If a format-specific path returns a 404, test the query form, flush rewrite rules by visiting Settings → Permalinks and clicking Save Changes, then check whether a plugin or server rule is intercepting the request.
Which feed formats WordPress generates
Core supports RDF/RSS 1.0, RSS 0.92, RSS 2.0, Atom and comment feeds. RSS 2.0 is usually the safest default for broad reader compatibility, while Atom is a separate syndication format rather than another skin for RSS.
| Format | Core template | Core content type | Typical use |
|---|---|---|---|
| RSS 2.0 | feed-rss2.php |
application/rss+xml |
General post syndication and the most common integration target |
| RSS 0.92 | feed-rss.php |
application/rss+xml |
Compatibility with older RSS consumers |
| RSS 1.0/RDF | feed-rdf.php |
application/rdf+xml |
Consumers that explicitly require RDF-based RSS |
| Atom | feed-atom.php |
application/atom+xml |
Applications that request Atom entries and metadata |
| Comments | Comment-feed templates | RSS or Atom type selected by the endpoint | Following discussion for a post or site |
The feed_content_type filter controls the selected content type. Do not change a feed’s MIME type casually: a consumer may reject XML that is served as an unrelated type.
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How WordPress builds a feed response
Feed requests are routed by WordPress and handed to templates analogous to theme templates. The RSS 2.0 template emits the XML declaration, channel information, item fields and update metadata. Core exposes insertion points around that output rather than requiring every developer to replace the whole file.
Important RSS 2.0 hooks
rss2_nsadds XML namespace declarations to the opening<rss>element.rss2_headruns at the end of the RSS 2.0 header, before items are printed.rss2_itemruns at the end of each RSS 2.0 item, which is where per-post elements are normally added.rss_headruns at the end of a feed header for shared RSS header additions.atom_entryprovides an Atom entry insertion point.do_feed_{$feed}lets a developer register or replace a handler for a named feed type.
Hook names are format-specific. Code attached to rss2_item does not automatically run for Atom or RDF, so decide which formats your audience actually uses and implement each required format deliberately.
Choose the right customization method
| Method | Best for | Scope | Maintenance and risk |
|---|---|---|---|
the_content_feed filter |
Changing or appending post content | Content body only | Small, update-safe change in a plugin or child theme |
| Feed actions | Adding item metadata, namespaces or header elements | Specific XML locations | Update-safe, but your output must remain well-formed XML |
| Custom feed template | Changing channel or item structure | Whole feed document | More control; you must track WordPress template behavior |
| Custom feed handler | Custom post-type or integration-specific feeds | Routing and complete response | Highest responsibility for headers, escaping and compatibility |
| RSS block | Showing another site’s feed in a page or post | Rendered block content, not your site’s outbound feed | Simple editorial setup; depends on the remote feed remaining reachable |
Put code in a site-specific plugin when possible. A child theme can hold presentation-specific feed changes, but editing files in WordPress core will be overwritten by updates.
Change feed content with the_content_feed
get_the_content_feed() supports the rss2, atom, rss and rdf feed types and applies the the_content_feed filter. That makes it the documented starting point for changing the post body without copying an entire core template.
<?php
add_filter('the_content_feed', 'site_feed_content', 10, 2);
function site_feed_content($content, $feed_type) {
if (is_feed()) {
$note = '<p>Read the complete article on our website.</p>';
$content .= $note;
}
return $content;
}
The callback receives the generated content and the feed type. If your change should apply only to RSS 2.0, test $feed_type === 'rss2'; if it should apply to every format, leave the condition broad. Return a string, and make sure any inserted markup is valid for the XML context in which WordPress places it.
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Serve full content or a summary
WordPress lets an administrator choose whether feed items contain the full post or a summary in the Reading settings. The choice affects what core passes through the feed-content functions; it does not alter the original post. A filter can append or transform that output, but it should not silently remove information an editor expects subscribers to receive.
Before changing this behavior, decide what your readers need: full content is convenient for offline reading, while a summary keeps the feed shorter and sends readers to the canonical page. Document the decision for editors because changing it alters every newly generated item.
Add a featured image or other item data
A featured image is not guaranteed to appear merely because a post has one. To add it to the feed body, append an image element through the_content_feed. Use an absolute, escaped URL so readers can resolve it outside your site.
<?php
add_filter('the_content_feed', 'site_feed_featured_image', 20, 2);
function site_feed_featured_image($content, $feed_type) {
if (!has_post_thumbnail()) {
return $content;
}
$image_url = get_the_post_thumbnail_url(get_the_ID(), 'full');
if (!$image_url) {
return $content;
}
$image = sprintf(
'<p><img src="%s" alt="%s" /></p>',
esc_url($image_url),
esc_attr(get_the_title())
);
return $image . $content;
}
This example places the image in the content supplied to feed templates. Some consumers strip HTML, so an image that appears in one reader may be omitted by another. If an integration requires a particular media element or namespace, add that structure with the appropriate feed action and test the resulting XML rather than assuming all readers interpret it identically.
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Add namespaces, metadata and custom elements
Declare a namespace
Custom XML elements should belong to a declared namespace. Add the declaration with rss2_ns, then emit the element from rss2_item or rss2_head as appropriate.
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<?php
add_action('rss2_ns', 'site_feed_namespace');
function site_feed_namespace() {
echo ' xmlns:site="https://example.com/feed-namespace"';
}
add_action('rss2_item', 'site_feed_item_data');
function site_feed_item_data() {
$value = get_post_meta(get_the_ID(), 'site_item_code', true);
if ($value !== '') {
echo '<site:itemCode>' . esc_html($value) . '</site:itemCode>';
}
}
Replace the example namespace with one you control or with the namespace required by the integration. Escape text as XML and avoid printing a tag when the value is empty. A namespace declaration alone does not make an element meaningful; the receiving application must also support that vocabulary.
Choose the correct insertion point
- Use
rss2_itemfor values that belong to one post, such as an identifier, rating or custom date. - Use
rss2_headfor channel-level metadata that describes the feed as a whole. - Use
rss2_nsonly for namespace declarations. - Implement equivalent hooks for Atom or another format when that format is part of your contract.
Replace the RSS 2.0 template
A template replacement is appropriate when you need a different channel layout, custom ordering, post-type-specific markup or fields that cannot be inserted cleanly with actions. Keep the replacement in a child theme or plugin-controlled location and compare it with the current core template after WordPress updates.
<?php
add_action('after_setup_theme', 'site_register_feed_template');
function site_register_feed_template() {
remove_action('do_feed_rss2', 'do_feed_rss2', 10);
add_action('do_feed_rss2', 'site_custom_rss2', 10, 1);
}
function site_custom_rss2($is_comment_feed) {
load_template(get_stylesheet_directory() . '/feed-rss2.php');
}
The replacement file must emit a complete, well-formed RSS 2.0 document and set the response headers expected by the format. A custom template is not a shortcut around escaping: titles, URLs, descriptions, dates and custom fields still need context-appropriate XML escaping.
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Create a custom feed handler
For a named feed or a specialized integration, use the do_feed_{$feed} mechanism. A handler can load a dedicated template, query a selected post type and emit a tailored document. Keep routing, authentication and caching decisions separate from the XML rendering code so a failure is easier to diagnose.
Custom handlers are also where compatibility problems become most likely. Define the feed name, register the callback, return the correct content type, and verify that requests for unrelated feed formats still reach their normal core handlers.
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Redirect an old feed URL
If a site moved from another platform, old subscribers may still request the former feed path. A permanent server redirect can forward that path to the WordPress RSS 2.0 endpoint.
RewriteRule ^old-feed/?$ /?feed=rss2 [R=301,L]Place rewrite rules in the server configuration appropriate to your host, and adapt the old path to the real legacy URL. Test the redirect with a command-line HTTP client or browser, confirm it returns one permanent redirect rather than a chain, and leave the destination feed publicly reachable.
Display another site’s feed with the RSS block
The built-in RSS block is for bringing an external feed into WordPress page content; it does not merge that site’s items into your own outbound feed.
- Open the post or page in the block editor.
- Insert the RSS block.
- Enter the complete external feed URL and submit it.
- Choose whether to show the feed title, author, date and excerpt.
- Select the list or grid layout and publish or update the page.
The block requests the remote feed when the page renders or when its cache refreshes. A remote outage, invalid XML, blocked request or changed URL can therefore make the block empty even when your WordPress site is working normally. Use a feed you are authorized to display and respect its publisher’s terms.
Troubleshoot common feed failures
/feed returns a 404
- Visit Settings → Permalinks and click Save Changes to refresh rewrite rules.
- Try the query form, such as
?feed=rss2, to distinguish a routing problem from a feed-generation problem. - Check that a plugin, web-application firewall or server rule is not blocking requests whose path ends in
/feed.
The feed shows a blank page or “XML error”
- Temporarily disable the newest feed-related customization and test again.
- Look for PHP warnings, notices or accidental whitespace printed before the XML declaration.
- Inspect the response body for an unclosed tag, an unescaped ampersand or invalid characters introduced by custom fields.
- Validate each format you support; fixing RSS 2.0 does not automatically fix Atom or RDF.
Items are missing or truncated
Check the Reading setting for full content versus summary, then inspect filters attached to the_content_feed. A theme or plugin may be replacing content only for one feed type. Also check whether the feed reader is displaying excerpts by preference even when the XML contains full content.
Images do not appear
Confirm that the generated URL is absolute, publicly reachable and served over the same security policy expected by the reader. Then view the raw XML: if the image element is absent, fix the filter; if it is present but not rendered, the consuming application may strip HTML.
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Inspect the HTTP response headers. RSS and RSS2 normally use application/rss+xml, Atom uses application/atom+xml, and RDF uses application/rdf+xml. Review any feed_content_type filter and server-level header override before changing template code.
Test a customization before publishing it
- Save a backup and test on a staging copy when the change replaces a template or handler.
- Request the RSS 2.0, Atom and any legacy formats your subscribers use.
- Inspect the raw response for the XML declaration, namespaces, channel data and item boundaries.
- Check HTTP status, content type, redirect behavior and cache headers.
- Test posts with missing thumbnails, quotation marks, ampersands, non-ASCII characters, empty custom fields and very long titles.
- Open the feed in more than one reader or parser, because consumers differ in how they handle HTML, images and extensions.
- After deployment, monitor server logs for repeated feed errors and keep the previous template available for rollback.
Practical decision guide
- Only append a notice, modify excerpts or insert a featured image: use
the_content_feed. - Add one post-level field: use
rss2_itemand declare a namespace withrss2_nsif the field is namespaced. - Add channel-wide metadata: use
rss2_heador the corresponding header action. - Change the document’s layout or support a dedicated post type: use a custom template or feed handler.
- Show a separate publisher’s updates inside an article: use the RSS block rather than altering your outbound feed.
WordPress’s automatic feed endpoints are useful precisely because the default path, templates, hooks and MIME types work together. Start with the smallest hook that solves the requirement, preserve the format’s XML contract, and escalate to a custom template only when content filters and actions cannot express the structure you need.
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