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FileZilla uploads files by moving them from the Local site pane on your computer to the Remote site pane on your server. To do it safely, obtain the correct host, protocol, port, username, password or SSH key, open the server’s actual web-root directory, upload the files, and verify both the transfer queue and the live site.
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The most important choice is the connection protocol. FTP is widely compatible but sends credentials and file contents without encryption. FTPS adds TLS encryption, while SFTP uses SSH and commonly runs on port 22. Your hosting provider’s connection instructions take precedence over every default port listed here.
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FileZilla Client is only the transfer tool. It cannot create a server account or guess where your website files belong. Obtain a working account from your hosting provider or server administrator first.
Connection details
Have these values ready:
- Host: a server name such as the hostname supplied by your host, or an IP address.
- Protocol: FTP, FTP over TLS (FTPS), or SFTP.
- Port: the port assigned to that protocol by the server.
- Username and password: credentials for the FTP, FTPS, or SFTP account.
- SSH private key, if required: SFTP can authenticate with a key instead of, or in addition to, a password. The matching public key must already be installed on the server.
Do not substitute a control-panel login for a file-transfer account unless the provider explicitly says they are the same. Some hosts issue separate accounts, restrict an account to one directory, or disable shell access while still allowing SFTP.
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Know the destination
Your provider should identify the account’s web root, sometimes called the document root. Common names are /public_html and /www, but those names are conventions, not guarantees. A site can instead use a domain-specific directory, a subdirectory, or a path shown in the hosting dashboard. Uploading to a valid directory is not enough if that directory is outside the one served for your domain.
FTP, FTPS, or SFTP: which connection should you use?
Select the protocol your server explicitly supports. Choosing a familiar port with the wrong protocol still produces a failed connection.
| Method | Typical port | Protection | Authentication | When it fits |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FTP | 21 | No encryption for credentials or file contents | Username and password | Only when the server requires it and the transfer environment is trusted |
| Explicit FTPS | 21 is common | FTP protected by TLS after the connection starts | Usually username and password | When the provider specifies FTP over TLS |
| Implicit FTPS | 990 is common | TLS is required from the start | Usually username and password | Only when the provider specifies implicit FTPS |
| SFTP | 22 is common | SSH encryption protects the session | Password or SSH private key | When the account includes SSH/SFTP access |
The ports in this table are documented conventions, not universal settings. A provider may assign a nonstandard port, place an account behind a firewall, or support only one of these methods. If the instructions say “SFTP,” choose the SFTP option rather than ordinary FTP and enter the supplied SSH port, even if it is not 22.
Why the distinction matters
FTP does not encrypt your password or transferred data. Anyone able to observe that network traffic may be able to read it. FTPS encrypts the FTP session with TLS. SFTP is a different protocol built on SSH; it is not “FTP with an S added.” FileZilla needs the matching protocol selection, encryption setting, and port. When in doubt, ask the administrator which exact FileZilla protocol entry to select.
Connect with QuickConnect or Site Manager
FileZilla offers two connection paths. QuickConnect is convenient for a one-off session. Site Manager stores a reusable profile, including the protocol, port, login method, and optional default directories.
QuickConnect for a temporary session
- Open FileZilla Client.
- Enter the host, username, password, and port in the Quickconnect bar. Select the protocol or encryption option that matches the provider’s instructions; do not rely on the default if the server requires FTPS or SFTP.
- Choose Quickconnect.
- Read the message log at the top. A successful login is followed by a remote directory listing. A timeout, refusal, or authentication error means the session did not complete.
QuickConnect is useful when you are on a trusted computer and do not want to save credentials. You must re-enter the details for the next session, and it does not provide the same repeatable default-directory setup as a saved site profile.
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Site Manager for repeatable work
- Open File > Site Manager.
- Create a new site entry and give it a recognizable name, such as the domain or project name.
- Enter the server host and the port supplied by the administrator.
- Choose the exact protocol and encryption mode: FTP, explicit or implicit FTPS when offered, or SFTP.
- Select the login type required by the account. Enter the username and password for password authentication, or configure the SFTP key-file option when the server uses a private key.
- Save the profile and select Connect.
- If the server opens in a home directory rather than the website directory, set the profile’s default local and remote directories after you identify the correct paths. This reduces the risk of uploading to a similarly named but inactive folder on later visits.
Saving a profile improves repeatability, but treat it as sensitive configuration. Anyone who can use the computer account or access stored credentials may be able to connect to the server. Use the operating system’s account protection and follow your provider’s guidance for password storage.
Understand FileZilla’s two-pane layout
After login, the main file area is divided into local and remote sides:
- Local site: the folders and files on your computer. The local path field above the listing shows the directory currently open.
- Remote site: the directories and files on the server. The remote path field shows where an upload will land.
- Transfer queue: the lower panel lists queued, successful, and failed transfers. It is the authoritative place to check whether FileZilla actually completed each item.
- Message log: the upper panel records connection, authentication, directory, and transfer responses from the server.
Click folders to open them. You can also type a path into a path field and press Enter when you know the exact location. Before selecting Upload, compare the remote path with the documented web root. A correct filename in the wrong remote directory will not change the page visitors see.
Upload files step by step
- Prepare the local files. Put the files or project folder in a known local directory. Check names and extensions before transferring. Web URLs and many server environments are case-sensitive, so
Logo.pngandlogo.pngmay be different files. - Connect to the server. Use QuickConnect or the saved Site Manager profile. Wait for a successful login and a remote listing.
- Open the remote destination. In the Remote site pane, navigate to the provider’s documented document root, commonly
/public_htmlor/www. If the site uses a domain-specific folder, open that instead. - Open the matching local folder. In the Local site pane, navigate to the directory containing the files. For a folder upload, select the folder itself when you want its complete contents copied.
- Choose what to transfer. Select one item, use the normal multi-selection controls for several items, or select a folder. Confirm that you are not including temporary files, private keys, backups, or configuration files that should not be publicly accessible.
- Start the upload. Drag the selection from Local site to Remote site, or right-click the selection and choose Upload. FileZilla places the work in the transfer queue rather than silently completing everything in the background.
- Watch the queue. Wait until the items appear under successful transfers. Items still queued have not finished; items under failed transfers require attention.
- Handle overwrite prompts deliberately. If a remote filename already exists, FileZilla may ask whether to overwrite, skip, rename, or apply a choice to similar files. Choose based on whether the local copy is intended to replace the server copy. Do not apply a blanket overwrite rule to a directory containing files you have not backed up.
- Confirm the remote listing. Refresh or revisit the directory and check that the expected names are present. For important deployments, compare the remote file size or checksum when the server and client make that information available.
- Test the result. Open the relevant website URL or application path. A successful transfer proves that the server accepted bytes; it does not prove that the file is in the document root, has usable permissions, or is referenced by the page.
Uploading a folder without changing its URL
Pay attention to the level at which you drag a folder. If you drag a folder named images into the web root, the expected path is usually /images/filename. If you open the local folder and upload only its contents into the root, the path becomes /filename. Both transfers can succeed while only one matches the URLs in your HTML or application.
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What to do when transfers are interrupted
A dropped connection, closed laptop, or server timeout can leave items in the failed or incomplete part of the queue. Reconnect and inspect the remote directory before starting again. FileZilla can resume interrupted transfers when the server supports resume. If a resume option appears, use it for a partially transferred file; otherwise, retry the item according to the server’s overwrite prompt.
Do not assume that a visible filename means a complete upload. Check the queue result and, where available, the remote size or checksum. For a group of files, handle failed items individually so you do not overwrite successful transfers unnecessarily.
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Why an upload can fail, and how to fix it
“Connection timed out” or “connection refused”
- Compare the host and port character by character with the provider’s instructions.
- Confirm that the selected protocol matches the service. SFTP on port 22 and FTP/FTPS on port 21 are not interchangeable.
- Check whether a local firewall, corporate network, VPN, or server firewall blocks the connection.
- Verify that the account is enabled and that the server is currently accepting connections.
- If a nonstandard port was supplied, enter it explicitly instead of relying on FileZilla’s default.
A timeout often indicates that traffic cannot reach the service. A refusal generally means the host answered but rejected that port or service. The exact distinction depends on the network, so use the server log message and administrator guidance rather than changing random settings.
“Authentication failed”
- Re-enter the username and password; check capitalization and accidental spaces.
- Confirm that the account is for the same protocol you selected.
- For SFTP key authentication, choose the key-file login method and select the correct private key.
- Ask the administrator to confirm that the matching public key is installed and that the account is allowed to use it.
- Check whether the password has expired or the account has been locked after repeated attempts.
Changing the port will not repair an incorrect password or missing SSH public key. Resolve the account configuration first.
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The connection may be valid while the target directory is not writable by your account. Confirm that you opened the correct web root and that the account has upload permission there. If the account is restricted to a home directory, paths outside that boundary may be inaccessible by design. Ask the host or administrator for the correct writable directory and permissions rather than trying to force a server-side change from FileZilla.
The upload succeeds, but the website does not change
- Read the remote path field and verify that it is the active document root for the domain.
- Check the exact filename, extension, capitalization, and subdirectory used by the page URL.
- Refresh the remote listing and confirm the new modification time or file size.
- Open the precise URL that corresponds to the remote path, not merely the site homepage.
- Consider whether the application serves a different deployment directory or uses a cache; ask the administrator if the server has a separate release or public directory.
Do not re-upload repeatedly until you know which of these conditions is wrong. Repeatedly copying a file to an inactive directory cannot change the live page.
Files look corrupted or scripts behave strangely
Check the transfer result and compare the local and remote file size or checksum when available. Confirm the transfer type required by the server and application; some environments distinguish how text and binary files are transferred. Use the host’s documented setting instead of changing transfer modes at random. Also verify that the file was not truncated by an interrupted transfer and that its name and extension were preserved.
Only some files fail
Look for a pattern in the failed queue: oversized files, names containing characters rejected by the server, a directory without write permission, or a connection that dropped partway through a batch. Retry one failed item after resolving the specific message. If a whole directory fails, test a small file in the same remote location to separate a path-permission problem from a file-specific problem.
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QuickConnect versus Site Manager
| Consideration | QuickConnect | Site Manager |
|---|---|---|
| Best use | One-off or occasional connection | Repeated work on the same server |
| Saved settings | Details are entered for the session | Protocol, port, login method, and directory preferences can be reused |
| Default directories | Must be navigated each time | Can be configured for repeatable local and remote starting points |
| Convenience | Fastest path to a temporary connection | More setup initially, less repetition later |
| Credential exposure | Fewer saved details on that computer | Stored profiles require stronger computer-account protection |
Neither method changes the security of the underlying protocol. A saved SFTP profile remains encrypted in transit; a saved FTP profile still uses unencrypted FTP unless the server profile is configured for FTPS.
Safe upload habits
- Prefer SFTP or FTPS when the server offers it, especially on an untrusted network.
- Use the least-privileged account that can write to the required directory.
- Keep a local backup before overwriting a working remote file.
- Upload only the files intended for public or application use. Never expose private keys, password files, or unneeded backups in the web root.
- Verify the remote path before every upload, particularly when managing several domains from one account.
- Wait for the queue to finish and investigate failures before closing FileZilla.
- Close the connection when finished, especially on a shared computer.
Practical examples
Replacing one website image
Find the image’s existing remote directory, such as a site-specific uploads folder, and open the same path locally. Upload the replacement with the exact existing filename if the page references that name. Confirm the queue reports success, inspect the remote file size, and open the image’s direct URL. If the old image still appears, verify the URL and any caching behavior rather than uploading a second copy elsewhere.
Publishing a new static page
Open the active document root, upload the HTML file, and preserve the folder structure expected by its links, stylesheets, scripts, and images. A page uploaded one directory too high or too low may load without its assets, producing a result that looks like a broken upload even though every transfer succeeded.
Uploading a project directory
Decide whether the remote site should contain the directory itself or only its contents. Dragging the project folder creates an additional path level; opening it locally and uploading its contents does not. Make that decision from the URL and application structure before starting a large queue.
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FAQ
Can I upload files without knowing the server’s web root?
You can connect and browse, but you should not guess the destination for a live site. Ask the provider or administrator for the document-root path; /public_html and /www are common names, not universal rules.
Is SFTP the same as FTP with TLS?
No. FTPS is FTP protected by TLS, while SFTP is a file-transfer protocol carried over SSH. FileZilla uses different protocol selections and the server must provide the corresponding service.
Why does FileZilla show a successful login but no website files?
The account may open in a home directory, be restricted to a different folder, or serve a domain from another document root. Use the provider’s path instructions and compare the remote path with the domain’s configured web root.
Can I upload several files at once?
Yes. Select multiple files or a folder in the Local site pane and upload the selection. Monitor the queue so you can distinguish completed items from failed or still-queued items.
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Read the queue and message log, check whether a partial remote file exists, and identify whether the cause is connectivity, authentication, permission, or transfer type. Then retry the affected item rather than blindly repeating the entire batch.
Frequently Asked Questions
Which port should I enter for FileZilla?
Use the port supplied by your server administrator. FTP and explicit FTPS commonly use 21, SFTP commonly uses 22, and implicit FTPS commonly uses 990, but these are conventions rather than guarantees.
Where do uploaded files appear on my website?
They appear at URLs mapped to the server’s active document root. Confirm that path with your hosting provider; common directory names include /public_html and /www.
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