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How to Type Subscript and Superscript in Google Docs

Select text and use the platform shortcut for ordinary subscript or superscript, or open the equation editor for structured math notation.
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To format ordinary text in Google Docs, select the character or text and apply the superscript or subscript shortcut: on Windows and ChromeOS, press Ctrl + . for superscript or Ctrl + , for subscript; on Mac, press ⌘ + . or ⌘ + ,. For structured mathematical expressions, use the equation editor instead.

Format ordinary text with a keyboard shortcut

  1. Select the character or text you want to raise or lower.
  2. Use the shortcut for your computer: Ctrl + . for superscript or Ctrl + , for subscript on Windows and ChromeOS; use ⌘ + . or ⌘ + , on Mac.

Google notes that some shortcuts may not work with every language or keyboard. If a shortcut does nothing, check your active keyboard layout and language, or use the formatting controls in the Format menu. See Google’s Docs keyboard-shortcut guide for computers.

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Use the equation editor for mathematical notation

For a structured mathematical expression, open Insert > Symbols > Equation. You can also open menu search with Alt + / on Windows or ChromeOS, or Option + / on Mac, then search for “equation.”

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Enter a subscript or superscript

  • In the equation editor, press Shift + 6 to enter the caret (^) and begin a superscript.
  • Press Shift + Dash to enter the underscore (_) and begin a subscript.

Google’s example for a parameter uses superscript: type it in the equation editor, press Space, enter the base, press Enter, enter the exponent, then press Enter to finish the parameter. See Google’s equation guidance.

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Apply formatting in the Docs mobile app

On Android, iPhone, and iPad, Google lists keyboard shortcuts when you use a compatible external keyboard: Android uses Ctrl + . for superscript and Ctrl + , for subscript; iPhone and iPad use ⌘ + . and ⌘ + ,. As with computer shortcuts, support may depend on the keyboard and language. Google’s guides are available for Android and iPhone and iPad.

For touch editing, open the document in the Docs app, enter edit mode, select the text, and use the Format controls. Google’s mobile help explains text formatting, but does not specify the exact subscript or superscript control label or tap sequence; consult the controls shown in your version of the app. Help pages: Android and iPhone and iPad.

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Choose the right method

What you’re formatting Best fit Availability
An isolated character in prose, such as a footnote marker or a chemical formula Ordinary text formatting with a shortcut or the Format controls Computer and mobile text editing
A structured mathematical expression Equation editor, using ^ for superscript or _ for subscript Desktop; Google says equations cannot be edited on mobile

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