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Set both limits on the 3D axes
Create a 3D axes, draw the scatter plot on it, and use that same ax object to set the x and z limits:
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(projection="3d")
ax.scatter(x, y, z)
ax.set_xlim(x_min, x_max)
ax.set_zlim(z_min, z_max)This follows Matplotlib’s official 3D scatterplot example, which creates an axes with projection="3d" and plots through its axes methods. For 3D operations, use the explicit axes object: the mplot3d documentation notes that pyplot functions cannot add content to 3D plots because their signatures are strictly 2D. See the mplot3d toolkit documentation.
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set_xlim and set_zlim set view bounds in the data’s coordinate system. For example, ax.set_zlim(0, 10) makes the displayed z range run from 0 to 10. The z method accepts separate endpoints or one two-item pair:
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ax.set_zlim(0, 10)
# Equivalent:
ax.set_zlim((0, 10))The Axes3D.set_zlim API reference documents both forms. You can leave one endpoint unchanged by passing None for it, or use the named argument for the endpoint you want to set:
ax.set_zlim(bottom=0) # keep the current upper limit
ax.set_zlim(top=10) # keep the current lower limitReversing the endpoints reverses the axis direction; for example, ax.set_zlim(5000, 0) displays values descending from bottom to top, which can be useful for depth-oriented data.
Use the combined property-setting form
If you are setting several axes properties together, the compact form ax.set can set x and z limits in one call:
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A free scan shows the junk files, broken settings and background clutter dragging Windows down - then fixes them in one click.Free scan · Windows 10 & 11ax.set(xlim=(x_min, x_max), zlim=(z_min, z_max))Matplotlib uses this form in its official 3D view-limit clipping example. Separate calls to set_xlim and set_zlim are equally suitable when you want each change to be explicit.
Limits change the view, not the data
Setting limits changes the plotted view bounds; it does not edit or delete values in your original x, y, or z arrays. This is distinct from optional 3D clipping. In the clipping example, Matplotlib shows that enabling axlim_clip hides a line segment when one of its vertices lies outside the view limits. Use clipping when you need that behavior; do not treat axis limits alone as a data-filtering operation.
Check the installed Matplotlib version if behavior differs
The cited stable documentation identifies Matplotlib versions 3.11.0 through 3.11.2. If an API signature or behavior differs in your environment, check the version installed there and consult documentation for that version.
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