The reliable way to host Cobblemon on a Linux VPS is to pin one Minecraft version, one loader (Fabric or NeoForge), the matching Cobblemon server pack, and the Java major version required by that Minecraft release. Install the loader in an isolated directory, extract the complete server pack, accept the EULA, open the configured TCP port in both firewall layers, and test with a matching client pack. Start with roughly 8 GB of memory only when your selected pack supports that baseline, then adjust for players, world size, and additional mods.
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What must match before you install anything
Cobblemon runs on Minecraft Java Edition. It has Fabric and NeoForge builds, and the server will only load when the Minecraft version, loader, Cobblemon build, dependencies, and client files belong to the same compatibility set. A client with a different loader or mod version can fail to join even when the server itself starts normally.
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Create a small compatibility record before provisioning the VPS. Write down the exact values from the release you intend to use:
- Minecraft version, such as 1.20.4 or 1.20.5.
- Loader: Fabric or NeoForge.
- Loader version required by that Minecraft release.
- Cobblemon version and complete server-pack release.
- Java major version.
- Configured server port and the client mod-pack version.
Do not combine Fabric and NeoForge files. Modrinth’s compatibility information also ties recommended loader versions to particular Minecraft versions, so a loader that worked for an older pack is not automatically suitable for a newer one.
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Fabric or NeoForge: which should you choose?
Neither loader is permanently “the Cobblemon loader.” The project publishes builds for both. Choose the one for which your selected Minecraft version has a complete, maintained server pack and a corresponding client setup.
| Decision point | Fabric | NeoForge |
|---|---|---|
| Supported Cobblemon loader | Yes; use the Fabric build for the exact Minecraft version. | Yes; use the NeoForge build for the exact Minecraft version. |
| Java guidance | Java 17 for Minecraft 1.18.2–1.20.4; Java 21 for 1.20.5 and newer. | Java 17 for 1.20.2–1.20.4; Java 21 for 1.20.5 and later supported releases. |
| Typical first-start command | Use the launcher or files generated by the matching Fabric installer. | ./run.sh after running the NeoForge installer with --installServer. |
| Best practical choice | The option with a version-matched Cobblemon pack, dependency list, startup files, and client instructions. Do not choose by loader name alone. | |
Before downloading, check the Cobblemon project documentation and the release page for the exact Minecraft/loader combination. Keep the old compatibility record with your backups so you know what a world was built with.
Provision and secure the Linux VPS
Use a current 64-bit Linux distribution with an SSD, enough memory for the Java process and operating system, and storage for worlds, logs, and backups. A VPS is a documented use case for a Fabric server, and the same isolation principles apply to NeoForge.
Create an administrative account
Log in initially through the VPS provider’s console or temporary administrative account. Create a non-root user, grant the administrative privileges appropriate to your distribution, and install your SSH public key for that user. After confirming key login in a second session, disable password authentication and direct root SSH access according to your provider’s hardening procedure. Keep one recovery path through the provider console.
Update the operating system
On Debian or Ubuntu, for example:
sudo apt update
sudo apt full-upgradeReboot if the kernel or other core services require it, then reconnect and verify the system clock, available disk space, and memory:
uname -m
df -h
free -hThese commands do not install Cobblemon; they confirm that the VPS is a 64-bit host and show whether the machine has room for the server and its backups.
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Java is version-dependent. Fabric’s guide lists Java 17 for Minecraft 1.18.2 through 1.20.4 and Java 21 for 1.20.5 or newer. NeoForge gives the same practical split for its supported versions: Java 17 for 1.20.2–1.20.4 and Java 21 for 1.20.5 through the latest supported releases.
Install the appropriate OpenJDK package for your distribution, then verify the major version:
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java -versionThe output should begin with the major version you recorded. If the VPS hosts more than one Minecraft release, install both Java runtimes and select the required executable explicitly in each server’s startup script. Do not rely on whichever java happens to be first in the system path.
A wrong Java version often appears as an immediate process exit, an unsupported class-file message, or a loader error before the world is opened. Fix Java first rather than changing mods at random.
Create an isolated Cobblemon directory
Keep the live installation separate from backups and from any other game server. A typical layout is:
sudo mkdir -p /srv/cobblemon
sudo useradd --system --home /srv/cobblemon --shell /usr/sbin/nologin cobblemon
sudo chown -R cobblemon:cobblemon /srv/cobblemonIf your distribution already has a service account policy, follow it instead of creating a duplicate user. Work inside /srv/cobblemon as the server account, and store archives in a different filesystem path such as /srv/backups/cobblemon or provider-backed storage. A backup inside the live directory is not a useful recovery copy when that directory is damaged.
Install the selected loader
Fabric installation
Download the Fabric installer or server launcher that names your exact Minecraft version. The documented installer pattern is:
java -jar fabric-installer.jarUse the installer’s server option and the version-specific values it requests. File names change between releases, so do not copy a launcher name from an unrelated tutorial. Confirm that the generated launcher and libraries are owned by the server account.
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NeoForge installation
Download the NeoForge installer matching both your Minecraft version and the NeoForge release required by the Cobblemon pack. In the empty server directory, run:
java -jar neoforge-installer.jar --installServerThe official NeoForge server flow generates the server files and a startup script. Start it with:
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./run.shIf Linux reports that the script is not executable, apply execute permission to that generated file and rerun it as the server user. Use the script supplied by the selected release instead of substituting a command copied from another version.
Install the complete Cobblemon server pack
When a server pack is available for your chosen loader and Minecraft version, use it rather than assembling a partial installation. Extract every supplied file into the empty server directory, including configuration, libraries, scripts, datapacks, and default settings. The Cobblemon server-pack guidance specifically warns against copying only the mods/ directory; doing so can omit required configuration or startup files.
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ls -la
find mods -maxdepth 1 -type f | headDo not merge files from a different loader or Minecraft release. If you are adding optional mods, add them one at a time after the unmodified pack starts successfully. Record every addition so a later crash can be associated with a specific change.
Prepare clients at the same time
Every player needs Minecraft Java Edition, the same Minecraft version, the same loader family, and the matching Cobblemon client pack or matching mods and dependencies. A vanilla client, a Fabric client pointed at a NeoForge server, or a pack with one dependency left behind will usually fail during the handshake or disconnect shortly after joining.
Complete the first start and accept the EULA
Run the loader once from the server directory. The first run may create files and stop before the world starts. If eula.txt appears, read the Minecraft EULA and change the value only if you agree:
sed -i 's/^eula=false/eula=true/' eula.txtAlternatively, edit the file with a text editor and set exactly eula=true. Start the server again with the loader’s generated command or script. Never assume that a missing EULA file means the process is ready for players.
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Read the console and log before inviting anyone
Watch the terminal for a line indicating that the server has finished loading and is listening. In another shell, inspect the current log:
tail -f logs/latest.logLook for missing dependency messages, wrong Java versions, duplicate mods, loader mismatches, or a failure to bind the configured port. Fix startup errors while the installation is still known-good. A successful process that repeatedly throws tick or chunk errors is not ready for a public player base.
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Configure the server and network path
Set the port
Minecraft servers normally use TCP port 25565. The actual value is the server-port setting in server.properties; if you change it, use the new value consistently in both firewalls and in the address players enter.
grep '^server-port' server.propertiesBind to the expected interface. Leaving the default blank or wildcard bind is normally appropriate on a VPS, while binding only to localhost prevents outside players from connecting.
Open both firewall layers
The VPS provider may have a network firewall or security-group rule, and Linux may have its own firewall. Permit inbound TCP 25565 (or your custom port) in both places. For a host using UFW, an example is:
sudo ufw allow 25565/tcp
sudo ufw status verboseUse the provider’s control panel to add the equivalent inbound rule, restricted to the source ranges you actually need when practical. NeoForge’s official guide cautions that the Minecraft port may need to be opened in the system and/or network firewall.
Test from outside the VPS
Do not test only from a shell on the VPS. From a client on another network, connect to the VPS public address and port. On the server, confirm the listener:
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sudo ss -ltnp | grep 25565If the listener exists but remote clients time out, inspect the provider firewall first, then the Linux firewall, then the server-port value. If clients receive an immediate refusal, verify that the process is running and listening on the expected interface.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Choose memory, storage, and performance headroom
A Cobblemon server-pack guide gives about 8 GB of dedicated memory as a starting point for a small deployment. Treat that as a workload-qualified starting figure, not a universal requirement. Player count, world size, exploration rate, view distance, and additional mods can raise usage.
| Resource | What to provide | What to monitor |
|---|---|---|
| Memory | About 8 GB dedicated as an initial small-pack baseline when the selected pack supports it; leave RAM for Linux and other services. | JVM usage, swapping, startup failures, and tick-time warnings. |
| Storage | SSD storage for the server, generated chunks, logs, and several backup generations. | Disk free space, world growth, log growth, and backup size. |
| CPU | A modern CPU with strong single-thread performance is helpful for the main server tick. | Tick duration, sustained load, and lag during exploration or battles. |
| Backups | Separate capacity outside the live directory. | Whether scheduled archives complete and can be read. |
Do not assign every byte of VPS memory to the JVM. The operating system, file cache, libraries, monitoring, and backup process need headroom. Increase memory only after observing the workload or following the selected pack’s current guidance; more allocated RAM does not repair a wrong mod set or slow storage.
Run the server as a service
A terminal session is suitable for the first boot but not for a dependable VPS. After the pack starts correctly, create a service that runs under the dedicated account, restarts only when appropriate, and writes logs to the server directory. A systemd unit can look like this, with paths changed to your installation:
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Description=Cobblemon server
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
User=cobblemon
WorkingDirectory=/srv/cobblemon
ExecStart=/srv/cobblemon/run.sh
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=10
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.targetSave it as /etc/systemd/system/cobblemon.service, reload systemd, enable it at boot, and start it:
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable --now cobblemon
sudo systemctl status cobblemon
journalctl -u cobblemon -fFor Fabric, replace ExecStart with the exact launcher command generated for your release. Do not use a service until you have tested how the server handles a clean stop; a forced kill can damage world data.
Back up and update without losing the world
Before changing Minecraft, the loader, Cobblemon, dependencies, or configuration, stop the server cleanly and back up the complete installation. Include worlds, dimensions, player data, configuration, datapacks, scripts, and administrative files. The Cobblemon server-pack guidance recommends this complete-folder approach.
- Warn players and stop accepting new work.
- Use the server console’s clean stop command or
sudo systemctl stop cobblemon. - Create an archive outside the live directory, for example:
sudo tar -C /srv -czf /srv/backups/cobblemon-$(date +%F-%H%M).tar.gz cobblemon - Check that the archive exists and can be listed with
tar -tzf. - Read the target pack’s release notes and identify every Minecraft, loader, Java, and dependency boundary.
- Keep the old directory unchanged until the new installation has started, loaded the world, and accepted a test connection.
Upgrade one version boundary at a time. A world that opens under a new pack is not proof that every mod or client can connect; test login, movement, storage, dimensions, and a representative Cobblemon interaction before reopening the server.
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The process exits immediately
- Run
java -versionand compare the major version with the Minecraft release: Java 17 for the older ranges above, Java 21 for 1.20.5 and newer. - Read the first error in
logs/latest.log, not only the final shutdown line. - Confirm that the loader installer matches the Minecraft version and that its generated files were not mixed with another loader.
The server starts, but a client is rejected
- Compare the client’s Minecraft version, loader, Cobblemon build, and dependency versions with the server record.
- Install the complete client pack rather than copying only a few visible mods.
- Remove an optional client mod temporarily and retest; add changes back one at a time.
Players cannot connect from the internet
- Confirm the server is running and listening with
ss -ltnp. - Check
server.propertiesfor the actual port. - Open that TCP port in both the VPS provider firewall and Linux firewall.
- Test from a network outside the VPS; a local test can succeed even when the provider rule blocks public traffic.
Players experience lag or the VPS runs out of memory
- Check free memory and swap, then review tick-time warnings and disk space.
- Reduce view or simulation distance and remove unneeded mods before simply increasing allocation.
- Compare the workload with the pack’s approximately 8 GB starting guidance and leave operating-system headroom.
An update breaks the world
- Stop the server and restore the complete pre-update folder, including dimensions and player data.
- Verify that the restored directory uses the same Java and loader combination that created the backup.
- Test the upgrade on a copy before attempting it again on the live world.
A repeatable launch checklist
- One pinned Minecraft version, loader, Cobblemon build, dependencies, and client pack.
- Java major version verified with
java -version. - Dedicated non-root server account and isolated directory.
- Complete server pack extracted, not only
mods/. - EULA accepted after reading it.
- Clean first start with no unresolved errors in the console or
logs/latest.log. - TCP 25565, or the configured port, allowed by the provider and Linux firewalls.
- Remote connection tested from outside the VPS network.
- Memory, SSD capacity, tick performance, and log growth monitored.
- Complete, restorable backup made before every update.
Compatibility values and pack recommendations change faster than the underlying Linux workflow. Recheck the current Cobblemon release, Minecraft support, Fabric/NeoForge loader versions, Java requirement, memory guidance, and your VPS firewall interface immediately before deploying or upgrading.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I switch a running Cobblemon world from Fabric to NeoForge?
Treat Fabric and NeoForge as separate installations. Build a tested NeoForge server with the matching pack, make a complete backup, and verify world and mod compatibility before attempting any migration; do not mix loader files in the live directory.
How much RAM does a Cobblemon VPS need?
The cited Cobblemon server-pack guidance uses about 8 GB dedicated as a starting point for a small deployment. Adjust for player count, world size, exploration, and extra mods, while reserving memory for Linux and backups.
Why does opening port 25565 not fix connections?
The effective port is the value in server.properties, and both the VPS provider firewall and Linux firewall may need an inbound TCP rule. Also verify that the server is listening publicly and test from outside the VPS network.
Do players need the same Cobblemon files as the server?
Yes. Clients need the same Minecraft version, loader family, Cobblemon build, and required dependencies, normally supplied through the matching client pack.
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