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World desk5 min

How to Send SMS from PHP Using AT Commands and a GSM Modem

Send an SMS from PHP by communicating with a modem’s AT-command port, waiting for the AT+CMGS prompt, and submitting the message with Ctrl+Z.
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To send an SMS from PHP through a GSM modem, PHP must open the modem’s AT-command serial port, select an SMS format, issue AT+CMGS, wait for the modem’s prompt, send the message, and finish with Ctrl+Z (ASCII 26). The exact port, serial settings, command syntax, and available SMS features depend on the modem, firmware, host operating system, and cellular service.

What you need before writing the PHP code

PHP is the host-side controller; it does not send an SMS by itself. It communicates with a cellular modem that exposes an AT-command interface over USB serial or UART. “GSM modem” is often used broadly: confirm that the specific device supports SMS AT commands and works with the radio technology, bands, and carrier service available in your country.

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  • A modem with a documented AT-command port and SMS support.
  • A SIM and service that permit sending SMS, with the modem registered on a supported network.
  • The correct device port, driver, and serial settings for the host computer. Some USB modems expose multiple interfaces; only one may accept AT commands.
  • A PHP serial-port implementation that works with your operating system and installed PHP runtime. There is no single universal PHP serial API established for every platform, so check its maintenance and compatibility before choosing one.

Follow the modem manual for baud rate, flow control, line endings, timeouts, and echo settings. These details are device-specific; a serial connection that opens successfully does not necessarily mean you have selected the AT port.

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Text mode or PDU mode?

Mode Command What it means
Text mode AT+CMGF=1 Sends a message as text when the modem supports this mode. It is the simpler choice for a basic walkthrough, but encoding and message-length behavior still depend on the device.
PDU mode AT+CMGF=0 Sends a protocol data unit that the application must construct and encode correctly. Use it when you need its encoding or control capabilities and can implement the required PDU format.

These are standardized SMS command-family options, but support and precise behavior must be checked in the target modem’s manual. For a basic text message, start with text mode if the modem supports it. The ETSI index for TS 27.005 lists the SMS command family; consult the applicable standard and device documentation for normative details.

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Send a text message with AT commands

  1. Open the documented AT port. Identify the modem’s correct USB serial or UART interface in the operating system and open it using a compatible PHP serial implementation. Use the serial settings specified by the manufacturer.
  2. Probe the modem. Send AT using the documented line termination, then read the response. Continue only after you receive a recognizable reply. If the modem echoes commands, account for that when parsing responses.
  3. Select text mode. Send AT+CMGF=1 and read the modem’s response. Do not assume the mode was selected if the modem reports an error.
  4. Start the send operation. Send AT+CMGS="+15551234567", replacing the example with the recipient number in the format expected by your modem and carrier. Follow your device manual for exact syntax. Wait for the message-entry prompt, commonly >, before sending the body.
  5. Submit the message. Write the message body, then send Ctrl+Z, the single character with ASCII value 26. This signals the end of the message; do not substitute a newline for Ctrl+Z.
  6. Read the final result. Continue reading until the modem returns a complete result or your chosen timeout expires. Parse success and error responses rather than treating a successful PHP write as proof of success.

The command sequence is illustrative, not a drop-in PHP program: the serial-port API, write and read methods, line termination, and timeout handling differ across PHP environments. Keep the command exchange ordered and wait for each required response, especially the prompt between AT+CMGS and the message body. MikroTik’s RouterOS manual gives one product-specific example of the send commands, stating, “AT+CMGS and AT+CMGF commands are used.” That documentation is an implementation example, not PHP code or a universal description of modem behavior.

Read responses and distinguish acceptance from delivery

Check the modem’s response after each command. A successful port write only means that PHP handed bytes to the host interface. It does not prove that the modem accepted the command. Likewise, a message reference and final success response indicate the modem’s reported result, not necessarily that the recipient’s handset received the SMS. Error formats, extended SMS errors, and delivery-status features vary by modem and configuration.

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  • OK or another documented success result: the modem accepted the command at that stage; continue with the next step in the sequence.
  • ERROR or an extended error: stop, record the response, and consult the modem manual before retrying. The reason may be an unsupported command, invalid syntax, or an SMS or network problem.
  • No complete response before timeout: check the port, serial configuration, line termination, and whether another process is using the modem. Choose timeouts appropriate to the device and network rather than assuming every response is immediate.

Troubleshoot common failures

No response to AT

  • Verify that the modem is powered and the cable, driver, and selected serial interface are correct.
  • Check the manufacturer’s baud rate, flow-control requirements, and line termination.
  • Close other software that may already own the port. A shared modem port needs coordinated, serialized access.

Garbled data or unexpected command echo

Match the modem’s serial settings and command termination, then account for echo behavior in your response parser. Echo and supported serial configuration options are implementation-specific; check the device manual.

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No prompt after AT+CMGS

Read any response that precedes the missing prompt. Confirm that SMS mode was selected, the destination syntax is valid, the SIM is usable, and the modem supports SMS on that interface and network. Do not send the body until the modem signals that it is ready to accept it.

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The modem reports success but the recipient gets nothing

Check the final modem result, network registration and signal, SMS service on the SIM or account, recipient-number format, and the service-centre address if the modem or carrier requires it. A modem’s success response alone is not confirmation of handset delivery.

Unicode or long messages behave differently

Character encoding, text-mode limits, segmentation, and concatenation support can differ between modems and firmware. Test the exact character set and message length on the target device. RouterOS documentation describes restrictions for that product’s implementation; those restrictions should not be assumed to apply to other modems.

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Other SMS commands you may encounter

For a send-only integration, AT+CMGF and AT+CMGS are the main commands to understand. The wider SMS command family includes AT+CMGL for listing messages, AT+CMGR for reading, AT+CMGD for deleting, AT+CPMS for selecting message storage, AT+CNMI for configuring new-message indications, and AT+CSCA for the SMS service-centre address. Use these only when your application needs the corresponding behavior, and verify their syntax and support in the modem documentation.

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Keep the modem connection reliable

Give one process at a time responsibility for the AT port, or add an explicit lock and queue if multiple parts of the application need it. AT commands and their replies form a stateful exchange: interleaved commands can make a response appear to belong to the wrong operation. Also log the command stage and modem response while avoiding unnecessary exposure of message content or phone numbers in application logs.

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