The Tool Desk
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What self-hosting SilverBullet involves
Self-hosting means you rent or operate a machine, install SilverBullet, and remain responsible for the operating system, firewall, updates, authentication, backups and recovery. The notes themselves are stored in a directory called the SilverBullet space. In a Docker deployment, that directory is normally the host path mounted at /data.
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A practical internet-facing layout has four layers:
- A Linux VPS with a public IP address and persistent disk.
- SilverBullet running on the VPS, normally listening on port
3000. - Caddy listening on ports 80 and 443 and forwarding the hostname to SilverBullet.
- Your browser connecting to a domain such as
silverbullet.example.comover HTTPS.
Keeping SilverBullet behind a reverse proxy avoids publishing its application port directly and gives you automatic certificate management. The same design works whether you use Docker or the standalone server binary.
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Hardware, operating system and network requirements
CPU architecture
SilverBullet’s installation documentation says it can run on essentially any Intel-compatible 64-bit or ARM 64-bit machine with terminal access. That covers ordinary x86-64 cloud instances and 64-bit ARM VPS plans. A 32-bit VPS is outside that documented support statement.
Memory and disk
The project documentation says a few hundred megabytes of RAM is sufficient; it specifically notes that even a Raspberry Pi can run the server. Your notes, attachments, logs, Docker images, backups and the operating system still need disk space, so choose storage with room to grow rather than sizing the disk to the minimum application footprint.
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Required access
- A Linux VPS with administrator or
sudoaccess. - A public IPv4 address, and an IPv6 address if you intend to publish an AAAA record.
- A domain or subdomain whose DNS you can edit.
- Persistent VPS storage for the directory mounted to
/data. - Firewall control for SSH and, once the proxy is ready, TCP ports 80 and 443.
Use the VPS’s local disk for the primary space unless you have verified that another filesystem preserves timestamps and case correctly. Replicate backups to a separate location.
Choose Docker or the self-contained server binary
Docker
Docker is usually the easiest repeatable deployment. The image contains the application runtime, upgrades are explicit, and the only application data you must preserve is the host directory mounted into /data (plus your deployment configuration and secrets).
Standalone binary
The self-contained server binary is useful when you do not want a container runtime. Download the release matching your VPS architecture from the current SilverBullet installation documentation, place it in a protected directory, and run it under a dedicated service account. The binary still needs a persistent space directory, authentication, a firewall and a reverse proxy; avoiding Docker does not remove those responsibilities.
For either method, keep the application on a private local listener when Caddy is on the same VPS. The proxy is then the only public application entry point.
Plan the hostname and DNS first
- Choose a hostname, for example
silverbullet.example.com. - Create an A record pointing that name to the VPS’s public IPv4 address. Add an AAAA record only when IPv6 routing and firewall rules are configured correctly.
- Wait for the record to resolve before requesting a certificate. A free DuckDNS subdomain can be used when you do not own a domain, but you still need control of the resulting hostname and its DNS behavior.
- Keep the VPS firewall closed to the public until authentication and the proxy configuration are ready. SSH should be restricted to the administration addresses you actually use.
A certificate authority can validate the hostname only when the DNS record reaches the VPS and the required HTTP or TLS challenge traffic can reach Caddy.
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Install SilverBullet with Docker
1. Install Docker and create a data directory
Install the Docker Engine package supplied for your Linux distribution, enable its service, and create a directory owned by the account that will maintain the deployment. Keep this directory on the VPS’s local, case-sensitive filesystem.
mkdir -p ~/silverbullet/data
cd ~/silverbullet
The exact host path is your choice. What matters is that it is persistent and that you know which path must be included in backups.
2. Run the documented image
SilverBullet’s installation documentation supplies this Docker pattern:
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-p 3000:3000
-v ./data:/data
ghcr.io/silverbulletmd/silverbullet:latest
The -v ./data:/data mapping is the important storage setting. Without it, replacing the container can remove the application’s writable space. The restart policy brings the container back after a reboot or a Docker service restart.
3. Bind the application to the local interface
When Caddy runs on the same VPS, prefer a loopback-only port mapping so the application is not directly reachable from the internet:
docker rm -f silverbullet
docker run -d --restart unless-stopped
--name silverbullet
-p 127.0.0.1:3000:3000
-v /home/your-user/silverbullet/data:/data
ghcr.io/silverbulletmd/silverbullet:latest
Replace the host path with the real absolute path. The first command removes only the container; data remains in the bind-mounted directory. If you deliberately need direct LAN access during initial testing, the documented 3000:3000 mapping exposes the port on all interfaces, so remove that exposure once Caddy is working.
4. Check the container
docker ps
docker logs --tail 100 silverbullet
You should see a running container and no repeated startup errors. Test locally from the VPS with a request to http://127.0.0.1:3000 before changing public DNS or opening the web ports.
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5. Treat the image tag as a release decision
latest is a moving tag. It is convenient for a first installation but does not provide reproducible upgrades. For production, pin a tested release tag according to your update policy, record the tag in your deployment notes, and read the current release documentation before changing versions. Keep the previous image tag available until you have verified startup, login, synchronization and backup recovery.
Enable authentication before public access
Do not expose an unauthenticated SilverBullet instance. Configure authentication while the container is still reachable only from the VPS or a trusted administration network, then open the firewall.
Configuration variables
| Variable | Purpose | How to use it |
|---|---|---|
SB_USER |
Single-user credentials | Set it using the credential format documented for the SilverBullet release you install. |
SB_AUTH_TOKEN |
Bearer authentication for the HTTP API | Generate and protect a strong token; treat it like a password. |
SB_PORT |
Listening port | Leave the default unless your proxy and firewall plan requires another local port. |
SB_URL_PREFIX |
Hosting under a URL prefix | Use it only when the service is intentionally published below a path rather than at its own hostname. |
SB_LOCKOUT_LIMIT |
Failed-login threshold | Set a limit that slows repeated guessing without locking out normal users too easily. |
SB_LOCKOUT_TIME |
Lockout duration | Choose a period appropriate to your access and recovery procedures. |
The configuration reference documents these variables, but the accepted value format can vary by release. Put secrets in an environment file readable only by the service account or inject them through your service manager; do not publish them in shell history, a public repository or a web page.
Authenticated HTTP API endpoints require a valid session cookie or bearer token. The documented exceptions are a small set of login, health and service-worker paths. This is not a reason to omit authentication: those paths are needed for login and service operation, not for reading your notes.
Put Caddy in front of SilverBullet
1. Install Caddy and open the web ports
Install Caddy using the package instructions for your Linux distribution. Allow inbound TCP 80 and 443 in both the VPS provider firewall and the operating system firewall. Keep SilverBullet’s port 3000 restricted to loopback when both services share the host.
2. Add the reverse-proxy site
Create a Caddy site for the hostname that resolves to your VPS:
silverbullet.example.com {
reverse_proxy localhost:3000
}
Validate the configuration with Caddy’s configuration check, reload the service, and watch its logs for certificate or upstream errors. Caddy can request and install a Let’s Encrypt certificate automatically, then renew it without a manual copy-and-paste certificate process.
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3. Test the complete path
- Resolve the hostname from a separate network and confirm it returns the VPS address.
- Visit the HTTPS URL and verify that the browser shows a valid certificate.
- Sign in with the account you configured before creating or syncing sensitive notes.
- Confirm that the browser reaches SilverBullet through Caddy while the direct port 3000 remains inaccessible from the public internet.
Why HTTPS is not optional for a public deployment
SilverBullet’s TLS documentation says plain HTTP on a LAN IP or hostname works mostly in online-only mode, while HTTPS enables the full feature set, including offline use and local encryption. With plain HTTP, offline startup, cached file access, offline synchronization, local data encryption and OIDC/SSO are disabled. Credentials and traffic can also be intercepted or modified on the network. A public VPS should therefore use HTTPS rather than treating HTTP as a permanent shortcut.
Store and protect the SilverBullet space
The /data mount is the critical asset
Everything written under the host directory mapped to /data must survive container replacement. Back up that directory, not merely the container image. Also preserve the Docker command or service definition, the image tag, Caddy configuration, DNS details and any authentication secrets required to recreate the service.
Filesystem requirements
SilverBullet assumes a case-sensitive filesystem. The installation documentation warns that unreliable timestamp persistence on some NAS, synchronization or experimental filesystems can cause synchronization problems. A local VPS filesystem is the safer primary location. If you replicate to a NAS or sync service, treat that copy as a backup and verify that filenames, case and modification times survive intact.
A backup routine that can actually restore
- Stop or quiesce writes when your backup method requires a consistent snapshot.
- Copy the complete host directory mapped to
/datato storage separate from the VPS. - Save the deployment configuration and a protected copy of required secrets alongside, but not publicly with, the backup.
- Retain multiple dated generations so an accidental deletion or bad synchronization can be rolled back.
- Periodically create a separate test instance, restore a backup into its
/datadirectory, start SilverBullet, and verify that pages, links and attachments open.
A backup that has never been restored is an assumption, not a recovery plan. Test restoration separately from the production service so the test cannot overwrite the live space.
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Plan upgrades
Before an upgrade, record the current image tag and take a fresh backup. Pull the new image, recreate the container with the same persistent mount and authentication settings, then check logs and perform a browser login. Keep the old tag available for rollback until synchronization and offline behavior have been checked.
docker pull ghcr.io/silverbulletmd/silverbullet:tested-release
docker stop silverbullet
docker rm silverbullet
# Recreate the container with the same /data mount and settings
Use a real tested release tag in place of tested-release; do not copy a tag without checking the current release notes. Never run an upgrade that silently points at a new empty data directory.
Monitor the boundaries
- Check that the container is running after VPS reboots.
- Review Caddy logs for certificate renewal and upstream failures.
- Watch available disk space, especially when attachments or backup archives grow.
- Confirm that backups complete and that at least one recent restore test succeeded.
- Review failed-login events and adjust lockout settings if legitimate users are repeatedly blocked.
Troubleshoot the common failure modes
The hostname does not open
Check the A or AAAA record first. An old address, an incorrect AAAA record or a DNS record that has not propagated will send the browser somewhere other than the VPS. Confirm that ports 80 and 443 are allowed by both firewalls and that Caddy is running.
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Caddy returns a 502 Bad Gateway
A 502 normally means Caddy cannot reach its upstream. Verify that the SilverBullet container is running, that it listens on port 3000, and that the Caddy upstream matches the Docker binding. If you mapped 127.0.0.1:3000:3000, use localhost:3000 in Caddy on the same host.
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Make sure the hostname resolves publicly to this VPS, TCP 80 or 443 is reachable as required by the challenge, and another service is not occupying those ports. Correct DNS and firewall problems before repeatedly requesting certificates.
Login fails or the account is locked
Check the container’s environment settings without exposing the secret in logs. Confirm that the credential format matches the current configuration reference. If the failed-login limit was reached, wait for the configured lockout period or use the documented administrative recovery path, then correct the underlying password or client configuration.
Synchronization behaves strangely
Inspect the filesystem behind /data. Case-insensitive storage and filesystems that do not reliably preserve timestamps can create synchronization problems. Move the primary space to reliable local VPS storage, restore a known-good backup, and use remote copies only after verifying their filesystem behavior.
Offline features are missing
Check that the browser is using the HTTPS hostname rather than an HTTP address. Plain HTTP intentionally disables offline startup, cached file access, offline synchronization and local data encryption, so changing the proxy to HTTPS is the remedy rather than a client-side toggle.
Self-managed VPS versus managed hosting
A VPS gives you control over the operating system, release timing, network layout and location of the Markdown space. It also makes you responsible for every maintenance and recovery task. A managed host handles more of the operational work but introduces provider dependence and less control over upgrades and infrastructure.
| Decision area | Self-managed VPS | Managed service |
|---|---|---|
| Administration | You install Docker or the binary, Caddy, firewall rules and updates. | The provider handles deployment and routine platform work. |
| Backups | You select the destination, retention and restore tests. | The service documentation says backups are handled for you. |
| Network exposure | You control DNS, HTTPS, firewall and proxy placement. | The provider controls the public service boundary. |
| Upgrade control | You can pin and schedule tested releases. | Updates follow the provider’s schedule and controls. |
| Portability | You retain the Markdown space and can copy the /data directory. |
You gain convenience but depend on export procedures and provider availability. |
| Indicative cost | Documentation cited about €3.5/month for Hetzner Cloud and about $2.5/month for Vultr at the time written. | Documentation cited about $2/month for PikaPods at the time written. |
Those prices are historical indications from the project documentation, whose pages do not state a publication year. Cloud plans, taxes, storage, bandwidth, backup options and commercial terms change, so check current pricing before choosing a provider. PikaPods is documented as handling deployment, upgrades and backups and contributing part of its revenue back to SilverBullet; the trade-off is reduced infrastructure control and provider dependence.
Security checklist before you share the URL
- Set a strong SilverBullet password or account configuration before opening public access.
- Use HTTPS through Caddy and verify the certificate in a browser.
- Bind SilverBullet to loopback when the reverse proxy is local.
- Allow only the ports you need: SSH for administration, and 80/443 for the proxy.
- Set failed-login lockout behavior with
SB_LOCKOUT_LIMITandSB_LOCKOUT_TIME. - Protect
SB_AUTH_TOKENand other secrets as credentials. - Keep the
/datadirectory on persistent, case-sensitive storage. - Back up the space, deployment configuration and recovery secrets to separate storage.
- Test a restore before relying on the VPS as your only copy.
- Pin a tested release when reproducibility matters, and review release documentation before upgrading.
Which setup should you choose?
Choose Docker on a VPS when you want control, a portable Markdown space and the ability to schedule upgrades yourself. Use the standalone binary when avoiding Docker is more important than containerized repeatability. Choose managed hosting when paying for less server administration is worth relying on a provider for deployment, backups and upgrades.
For most technically comfortable users, the durable baseline is a small 64-bit Linux VPS, a persistent local /data directory, loopback-only SilverBullet, Caddy with automatic HTTPS, authentication configured before exposure, and an independently tested backup. That arrangement addresses the application’s documented storage and TLS requirements without tying your notes to an ephemeral container or an unencrypted public port.
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