To secure cryptocurrency held with an exchange or custodian, protect both your exchange account and its linked email, use the strongest sign-in verification the provider supports, restrict withdrawals where possible, and assess the custodian’s storage and recovery terms. These steps reduce some account-takeover risks, but they cannot eliminate the risk that a custodian becomes unavailable.
Understand what the custodian controls
A crypto wallet does not hold the cryptocurrency itself; it holds the private keys used to authorize transactions. When assets are held with an exchange or another third-party custodian, that provider controls access to the keys. With self-custody, the holder controls the keys and is responsible for safeguarding them and their recovery phrase. Coinbase explains the distinction between exchange custody and self-custody.
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Account security and custody risk are separate. Strong sign-in protection can make it harder for someone else to access your account, but it does not give you control of keys held by the provider or guarantee that the provider will remain available.
Secure the email account tied to the exchange
Your email may receive account alerts, new-device confirmations, and support messages. If someone gains access to it, they may be better positioned to interfere with your exchange account. Start by protecting email, then apply the same care to every account connected to your crypto.
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- Use a unique, strong email password. A password manager can generate and store credentials so you do not reuse the same password on multiple services.
- Enable the strongest multifactor authentication (MFA) method your email provider supports.
- Review the email provider’s active sessions and recovery options, and remove unfamiliar access.
Strengthen exchange sign-in and review access
Use a unique exchange password and the strongest second factor the exchange offers. Coinbase recommends a security key or passkey for 2-step verification in its account-security guidance. Authentication options vary by provider, and a physical key must be compatible with both the exchange and the linked email service.
A FIDO-compatible physical security key is one possible way to implement stronger sign-in where supported. It protects an authentication step; it does not remove the custodian’s risks or make phishing impossible. Confirm compatibility with both services before choosing a key.
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Check the exchange’s security settings for active sessions, authorized applications, and confirmed devices. Revoke access you do not recognize. If you suspect account compromise, use the provider’s official account-recovery instructions rather than relying on a link or phone number supplied in an unsolicited message.
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Save the provider’s official website as a bookmark and use it to sign in, rather than following unexpected links in texts, emails, social posts, or search ads. Be wary of urgent calls or messages offering account recovery, especially if they ask you to install software or share credentials.
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Coinbase says its staff will not ask for your password, verification codes, email access, remote-support software, or money to resolve an account issue. That is Coinbase-specific guidance; check your own provider’s official help center for its support practices. Reach that help center independently instead of using contact details from a suspicious message. See Coinbase’s account-security guidance.
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If your provider offers an address allowlist, it can restrict withdrawals to addresses you have approved in advance. Add only addresses you have independently verified, and check the asset and network as well as the address. A correct-looking address on the wrong network may not reach the intended destination.
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Newly added addresses may be subject to a waiting period. The timing depends on the specific product: Coinbase’s Coinbase.com instructions describe a 48-hour wait before a new address can be used, while Coinbase Global Exchange guidance describes 24-hour periods for some changes and Coinbase Exchange documentation describes 48-hour holds in some cases. These are not one universal rule. Check the current instructions for your exact product before relying on a delay as a security measure. Coinbase’s allowlist guidance covers product-specific behavior.
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Before keeping assets with a provider, examine how custody works and what happens if you need to withdraw or recover access. The SEC Office of Investor Education and Assistance’s Dec. 12, 2025 Investor Bulletin on crypto asset custody identifies exchanges and dedicated custody providers as third-party custodians and notes that they may use hot wallets, cold wallets, or a combination.
- Who controls the private keys, and is any storage subcontracted?
- Does the provider use hot storage, cold storage, or both?
- What identity checks, waiting periods, limits, and procedures apply to withdrawals or account recovery?
- What account, transaction, transfer, setup, or closure fees apply?
- What do the customer agreement and account terms say about custody, access, and what happens if the provider stops operating?
A description such as “cold storage” does not by itself answer questions about provider operations, legal arrangements, recovery, or access. The SEC bulletin warns: “If the third-party custodian is hacked, shuts down, or goes bankrupt, you may lose access to your crypto assets.” The bulletin represents the views of SEC Office of Investor Education and Assistance staff and is educational; it is not a Commission rule, regulation, or statement of the Commission.
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