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Use chromedp to drive Chrome through the Chrome DevTools Protocol (CDP), capture the page as image bytes, and write those bytes to a file. For a practical container starting point, run the Go program with the chromedp project’s docker.io/chromedp/headless-shell image. The example below captures a full page; choose a different chromedp action if you need one visible element or only the current viewport.
Choose the capture type before writing the code
A screenshot action determines what part of the rendered page you receive. These are not interchangeable:
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| Capture | Chromedp action | Use it for |
|---|---|---|
| One visible element | chromedp.Screenshot(selector, &buf, chromedp.NodeVisible) |
A matching visible node, such as a chart or card. |
| Current viewport | chromedp.CaptureScreenshot(&buf) |
The browser’s current view, rather than content below the fold. |
| Full page | chromedp.FullScreenshot(&buf, quality) |
A capture of the whole page. The API accepts quality from 0 to 100; quality 100 produces PNG, while lower values produce JPEG. |
FullScreenshot overrides device-emulation settings. If your workflow sets emulation or viewport dimensions, do not assume those settings remain in effect for a full-page capture; review chromedp’s device-setting behavior for your chosen flow.
Build a Go screenshot program
This runnable-shaped example navigates to a URL, captures the full page as PNG bytes, and writes page.png. It is based on the upstream chromedp API and screenshot example; the code has not been executed as part of this article, so validate it against the Go and browser versions you deploy.
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package main
import (
"context"
"fmt"
"os"
"github.com/chromedp/chromedp"
)
func main() {
url := "https://example.com"
ctx, cancel := chromedp.NewContext(context.Background())
defer cancel()
var buf []byte
if err := chromedp.Run(ctx,
chromedp.Navigate(url),
chromedp.FullScreenshot(&buf, 100),
); err != nil {
fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "capture failed:", err)
os.Exit(1)
}
if err := os.WriteFile("page.png", buf, 0o644); err != nil {
fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "write screenshot:", err)
os.Exit(1)
}
}Initialize the module and fetch the dependency with Go’s module tooling, then build the program for the environment in which it will run. Add application-specific URL validation and error handling before accepting URLs from users. For an element capture, replace the full-page action with a selector action, for example chromedp.Screenshot("#report", &buf, chromedp.NodeVisible). For the viewport, use chromedp.CaptureScreenshot(&buf).
Run Chrome in Docker
chromedp is the Go control layer; Chrome or headless-shell is still the browser runtime. The chromedp project describes docker.io/chromedp/headless-shell as a multi-architecture image made for chromedp, and the package documentation identifies it as a straightforward headless-environment path. Follow the image README’s documented invocation and publish port 9222 when the Go process must connect to its debugging endpoint. Keep that endpoint reachable only to the Go process that needs it; broad exposure of remote debugging is not a safe default.
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Image tag choice
The image README documents floating stable, beta, and dev channel tags as well as specific version tags. Channel images are pushed daily, so a floating tag can move as the channel updates. Pin a specific version tag when you need the browser version to be explicit and deployments to be reproducible; check the project’s README for currently available tags because version availability changes.
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By default, chromedp creates a context and launches a browser for the task workflow. If Chrome is instead a separately managed, long-running process, chromedp documents RemoteAllocator for connecting to it. In that arrangement, the application depends on the remote browser remaining available for the duration of navigation and capture. A lost browser connection cancels the chromedp context; check errors returned by chromedp.Run rather than assuming a screenshot was produced.
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For a short-lived browser started by the Go program, keep the context alive through capture and file writing, and cancel it when finished. On Linux, chromedp force-kills Chrome child processes it started when the Go program exits. The browser lifecycle differs when connecting to an independently managed process, so manage that service separately.
Handle common Docker and capture failures
- Container exits with
BUS_ADRERR: the headless-shell README recommends trying a larger shared-memory allocation, such as Docker’s--shm-size 2G. Treat this as a conditional fix for that failure, not a universal requirement. - Zombie processes appear: the image README warns this can happen when using the image directly or as a base image. It recommends Docker’s
--initargument so an init process can reap child processes. chromedp.Runreturns an error: inspect whether navigation or capture failed, and whether the browser connection was closed or killed. Chromedp cancels its context when the browser connection is lost.- The output is empty or not the intended image: confirm that navigation and the screenshot action both completed without error, that the selected CSS element exists and is visible when using selector capture, and that the program writes the returned byte buffer.
- Viewport or device emulation differs in a full-page capture:
FullScreenshotoverrides device-emulation settings. Use a capture action suited to the intended extent and account for that override rather than relying on previously configured emulation.
Or skip the browser setup
ScreenshotNeo provides a website screenshot API and MCP server. One GET request returns an image or PDF, without requiring you to run a browser container for the capture.
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curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://example.com -o shot.webpSee the ScreenshotNeo API documentation for request options. Cookie and consent banners, newsletter popups, and chat widgets are removed before capture; bot checks, blank pages, failed loads, timeouts, and cache hits are not billed. Its MCP server gives AI agents screenshot tools. The free plan includes 1,000 screenshots a month with no card; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000 screenshots.
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Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Frequently Asked Questions
Does chromedp itself render the page?
No. Chromedp controls Chrome through CDP; Chrome or headless-shell performs the rendering.
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Can I save a JPEG instead of a PNG?
With FullScreenshot, the chromedp API documents quality 100 as PNG and lower quality values as JPEG.
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