Run the screenshot script on a hosted workflow runner, not on your own computer. A practical option is GitHub Actions: schedule a job with cron, use Playwright to capture the page, then save the image as a workflow artifact or commit it to a repository. Your computer can be off; the hosted runner performs the capture.
How the scheduled capture works
There are two separate jobs: a browser tool renders the page and saves an image, while a scheduler starts that tool at the interval you choose. Playwright supplies the browser screenshot API; GitHub Actions supplies hosted execution and scheduling. The example below saves each capture as a downloadable workflow artifact.
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- Create a repository. Add a small Node.js project containing a Playwright script and a GitHub Actions workflow. The workflow must be on the repository’s default branch for scheduled runs.
- Install Playwright. In the project, initialize npm and install Playwright:
npm init -yandnpm install --save-dev playwright. The workflow below installs the browser needed by the script. - Add the capture script. Create
capture.mjswith the code in the next section. Change the URL and capture boundary to suit your page. - Add the scheduled workflow. Save the YAML shown below as
.github/workflows/screenshot.yml, commit the files, and push them to the default branch. - Check the first run. In the repository, open the Actions tab, select the workflow, and inspect its run. Download the artifact to confirm that the image is correct.
Capture a page with Playwright
Playwright’s screenshot call can save a PNG directly to a path. This script launches Chromium, navigates to a page, waits for the page’s load event, and captures the visible viewport:
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import { chromium } from 'playwright';
const browser = await chromium.launch({ headless: true });
try {
const page = await browser.newPage({ viewport: { width: 1440, height: 1000 } });
await page.goto('https://example.com', { waitUntil: 'load', timeout: 60000 });
await page.screenshot({ path: 'screenshot.png' });
} finally {
await browser.close();
}Change https://example.com to the target URL. The script overwrites screenshot.png each run, which is fine when every run is stored as a separate artifact, but not if you commit images to one directory and want a history. For a history, generate a timestamped filename or use a dated directory.
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Choose the capture area
- Viewport: The default call captures the visible browser viewport. Set its width and height in
newPageto control the dimensions. - Full page: Use
await page.screenshot({ path: 'screenshot.png', fullPage: true })to capture the scrollable document in one image. Long pages can produce large files. - One element: Locate an element and call
await page.locator('.price-table').screenshot({ path: 'price-table.png' }). Replace the selector with one that identifies the region you need; a missing or non-unique selector may fail or capture an unintended element.
Playwright also supports image format, clipping, and quality options; consult its screenshot documentation for the exact options and behavior. A page that depends on client-side rendering may need an explicit wait for a selector or a short delay after navigation rather than relying only on the load event.
Schedule the script with GitHub Actions
Create .github/workflows/screenshot.yml. This example runs daily at 03:17 UTC and also allows a manual run from the Actions interface:
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name: Scheduled website screenshot
on:
schedule:
- cron: '17 3 * * *'
workflow_dispatch:
permissions:
contents: read
jobs:
capture:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- uses: actions/setup-node@v4
with:
node-version: 22
- run: npm ci
- run: npx playwright install --with-deps chromium
- run: node capture.mjs
- uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
with:
name: website-screenshot
path: screenshot.png
if-no-files-found: errorUse currently maintained versions of GitHub Actions and Node.js when setting up or updating a workflow; the version pins above are an example configuration, not a guarantee that they will remain the latest. If you do not have a lockfile yet, run npm install locally and commit both package.json and package-lock.json before relying on npm ci.
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Set the interval
The schedule uses POSIX cron in UTC. For example, 17 3 * * * means once daily at 03:17 UTC. GitHub documents a shortest schedule interval of five minutes. Scheduled workflows run against the latest commit on the default branch, and the workflow file must exist on that branch. GitHub warns that load can delay scheduled jobs, especially near the start of an hour, and queued jobs may be dropped; avoid scheduling exactly on the hour if a small delay is acceptable. See GitHub’s workflow event and schedule documentation.
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A cron schedule is not a promise of an exact capture time. If the screenshot must be taken at a strict deadline, choose a scheduler whose documented guarantees meet that need and monitor its run status.
Where scheduled screenshots are saved
Workflow artifacts
The example uploads the image as an artifact attached to the workflow run. Open that run in Actions and download its artifact. GitHub documents a 90-day default retention period for workflow artifacts and logs; artifacts are therefore not automatically a permanent archive. Review your repository’s Actions settings and configure retention or copy images to durable storage if you need them longer. See GitHub’s documentation on repository Actions settings.
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Commit images to the repository
The alternative is to write captures into the checked-out repository and commit and push them from the workflow. That creates a versioned series, but images add to repository size and every capture may expose content to anyone with repository access. Avoid committing screenshots of private or sensitive pages; use protected storage and access controls appropriate to the page instead. The shot-scraper documentation shows an Actions-based approach that reads capture definitions from shots.yml and writes images back to a repository.
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- Schedule reliability: GitHub Actions can delay or drop scheduled jobs under load. Check the Actions run history when an expected capture is missing. Public-repository scheduled workflows are automatically disabled after 60 days without repository activity, according to GitHub’s schedule documentation.
- Authentication: If a page requires login, do not put credentials directly in the script or commit them. Store secrets in repository or organization secrets and pass them to the job only as needed. Consider whether the resulting image itself is safe to store as an artifact.
- Dynamic content: A page can change after the load event, load images lazily, or display a consent dialog. Add a wait for a meaningful selector or implement the interaction the page needs; a screenshot can otherwise be technically successful but visually incomplete.
- Usage and cost: Hosted runners consume workflow execution resources, and frequent schedules or lengthy browser runs use more of them. Check the current GitHub Actions usage and billing terms for your account and repository type before setting a high-frequency schedule.
- Monitoring: An artifact only proves a run produced a file; it does not prove the page content was correct. Inspect representative captures and use workflow failure notifications or other monitoring if missing or incorrect images need prompt attention.
Troubleshooting missed or incorrect captures
- No scheduled run appears: Confirm the workflow file is committed on the default branch, the schedule is valid UTC cron, and Actions are enabled for the repository. For a public repository, check whether 60 days without activity disabled the schedule.
- The run starts late or is absent at the expected minute: GitHub schedule events may be delayed or dropped under load. Review the Actions history rather than assuming cron is exact; move the schedule away from the top of the hour.
- The job cannot find the screenshot file: Ensure the script’s output path matches the artifact step’s
path, and that the script completed before the upload step. The example setsif-no-files-found: errorso an absent image fails visibly. - Browser launch or missing dependency error: Confirm the workflow installs Chromium with
npx playwright install --with-deps chromiumand that the Playwright package is installed from the lockfile. - The image is blank or incomplete: Verify the URL is reachable from the hosted runner, then wait for the page-specific content to appear. Increase the navigation timeout only if the target legitimately needs more time; timeouts can also indicate a broken page or blocked automation.
- The artifact disappears: Workflow artifacts have a default retention period of 90 days. Adjust repository retention settings or export the file to durable storage for a longer archive.
Or skip the browser setup
ScreenshotNeo is a screenshot API and MCP server. A single GET request can return an image or PDF; for this scheduled example, you can call it from a hosted workflow instead of installing and maintaining a browser script. See the ScreenshotNeo API documentation.
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curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://example.com -o shot.webpPut the API key in a workflow secret rather than in the workflow file. The request returns a screenshot, but scheduling and retaining recurring captures still require a workflow or another scheduler. ScreenshotNeo removes cookie banners, newsletter popups, and chat widgets before capture; bot checks, blank pages, and failed loads are not billed; its MCP server lets AI agents take screenshots; and its free plan includes 1,000 screenshots a month with no card, while paid plans start at $5 for 3,000. Sign up for 1,000 free screenshots a month with no card.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can GitHub Actions take screenshots on a schedule?
Yes. Add a workflow with a cron schedule on the default branch and run a browser capture script in its job; the hosted runner performs the capture.
Can I schedule a screenshot every five minutes?
GitHub documents five minutes as the shortest schedule interval, but scheduled execution can be delayed or dropped under load, so it is not an exact-time guarantee.
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