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Repair common Windows errors and clear accumulated junk for a smoother, more stable PC - no reinstall needed.Free scan · no reinstallGitHub Actions cron schedules are best effort, not a guarantee that a workflow starts—or completes—at an exact time. To reduce avoidable problems, use a five-field cron expression under on.schedule, avoid minute zero where practical, keep the workflow on the default branch, choose UTC or an IANA timezone deliberately, and configure concurrency according to whether older pending work can be discarded. If every run matters, add durable tracking and recovery rather than relying on the schedule alone.
Set up a scheduled workflow
GitHub Actions accepts POSIX cron syntax with five fields: minute, hour, day of month, month, and day of week. The shortest supported interval is once every five minutes. The schedule belongs under on.schedule, and the workflow file must be present on the repository’s default branch. See GitHub’s schedule event documentation.
name: Scheduled maintenance
on:
schedule:
# 17 minutes past the hour, every day at 06:17 UTC
- cron: '17 6 * * *'
workflow_dispatch:
concurrency:
group: scheduled-maintenance
# Appropriate when a newer run makes an older pending run redundant.
cancel-in-progress: false
jobs:
maintain:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: Run maintenance
run: ./scripts/maintenance.shThe expression runs daily at 06:17 in the configured timezone; without a timezone setting, that is 06:17 UTC. workflow_dispatch adds a manual trigger for diagnostics or recovery, but does not repair or guarantee the scheduled trigger. The example’s concurrency settings serialize work in the group; they do not ensure every scheduled event is delivered.
Use supported cron syntax
Write all five fields explicitly. GitHub does not support the aliases @yearly, @monthly, @weekly, @daily, @hourly, or @reboot. A cron expression can request a run no more frequently than once every five minutes.
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Choose UTC or a local timezone
Schedules use UTC unless you provide an IANA timezone. UTC is a straightforward choice when a stable global time matters. An IANA timezone is useful when the intended schedule follows local wall-clock time, but daylight-saving transitions can change when a run occurs. GitHub documents that a time in the skipped spring-forward hour advances to the next valid time; its example shifts 2:30 a.m. to 3:00 a.m. Review the timezone behavior in the schedule event documentation when setting local-time schedules.
A scheduled run uses the latest commit on the default branch, not necessarily the branch you were editing when you set up the cron expression. If the workflow file is absent from that branch, the schedule will not run.
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What GitHub Actions scheduling can and cannot guarantee
GitHub describes scheduled events as best effort. Its event documentation says high load can delay scheduled runs, especially around the start of an hour, and that some queued jobs may be dropped. The troubleshooting documentation likewise warns: “Scheduled events can be delayed during periods of high loads of GitHub Actions workflow runs.”
Stagger runs away from minute zero
When practical, schedule at a nonzero minute—for example, 17 rather than 0. This reduces exposure to the documented high-load period at the top of the hour, but it is only a risk reduction. It cannot guarantee punctual starts or prevent a run from being dropped. GitHub does not publish a punctuality percentage or dropped-run rate in the cited documentation.
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Account for public-repository inactivity
GitHub automatically disables scheduled workflows in public repositories after 60 days without repository activity. If a schedule stops after a quiet period, check the workflow’s enabled state and re-enable it if necessary. The inactivity rule is documented in GitHub’s schedule event documentation and scheduled-workflow troubleshooting guide.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Prevent overlapping runs without losing work unexpectedly
Concurrency controls runs that share a group; it is not a durable job queue. By default, GitHub permits one running workflow or job and one pending run in a concurrency group. If another run becomes pending in that group, it replaces or cancels the existing pending run. Consult the current concurrency documentation for queue options, limits, and ordering rules.
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| Choice | Use it when | Trade-off |
|---|---|---|
| Cancel or replace stale pending work | A newer run makes an older waiting run redundant, such as a task that only needs to process the latest state. | Intermediate scheduled work may never run. Setting cancel-in-progress: true can also cancel active work. |
| Queue waiting runs | Each run represents work that must be processed rather than superseded. | Queueing is subject to GitHub’s documented limits and ordering rules; check the current concurrency documentation before relying on it. |
Choose a group name that covers the workflows that must not overlap. Set cancellation only when it is safe for an older pending run—or, with cancel-in-progress: true, active work—to stop. For workloads where missed processing has consequences, use idempotent jobs and durable state so work can be detected and recovered. Those are operational safeguards, not delivery guarantees provided by GitHub’s schedule feature. If strict delivery is essential, evaluate an external scheduler or queue against its documented guarantees, monitoring, and recovery behavior.
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Why didn’t my GitHub Actions cron job run?
Check these causes in order:
- Confirm the workflow exists on the default branch and is enabled. Scheduled events run from the default branch. Review the workflow’s status in the repository’s Actions area.
- Validate the expression and timezone. Confirm there are five cron fields, that the expression is not an unsupported alias, and that the intended time is interpreted in the configured zone. GitHub’s schedule documentation describes syntax and timezone support.
- Allow for high-load delay. A run scheduled at the top of an hour is more exposed to the documented high-load period. Check the run list before treating a late start as a malformed expression; moving to a nonzero minute may reduce this risk.
- Check public-repository inactivity. If there has been no repository activity for 60 days, GitHub may have automatically disabled scheduled workflows. Check the workflow state and re-enable it if needed.
- Inspect concurrency behavior. A later run may have replaced an earlier pending run, or
cancel-in-progress: truemay have stopped work already in progress. - Use a manual run to diagnose the workflow itself. If
workflow_dispatchis configured, start a manual run and inspect its result. This can help distinguish a workflow or job failure from a schedule issue, but it does not restore scheduled delivery.
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