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How to Scan a Document to PDF in a Capacitor App

A Capacitor document scanner returns page images, not a PDF. Learn how to capture pages, assemble them with pdf-lib, save the binary file, and handle sharing, platform requirements, and OCR.
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To scan paper into a PDF in a Capacitor app, use a native document scanner to capture pages, assemble the returned images into a PDF, then save or hand off the file. The scanner does not create the PDF for you: the app handles PDF generation, file storage, and actions such as sharing or printing.

How the scan-to-PDF flow works

A practical Capacitor 8 implementation pairs @capgo/capacitor-document-scanner for native page capture with pdf-lib for PDF creation and @capacitor/filesystem for writing the file. The scanner returns JPEG page images; your app embeds those images in PDF pages and saves the resulting binary data.

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The documented implementation maps iOS scanning to Apple VisionKit’s VNDocumentCameraViewController and Android scanning to Google ML Kit Document Scanner through Google Play services. Both provide page capture with edge detection and cropping. iOS includes built-in cleanup, while Android offers scanner modes that range from basic crop and rotate to filters and fuller image cleanup; crop and rotate are available in every Android mode. See the Capgo implementation guide.

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Choose a scanner and match its version

Use a native document scanner when you want automatic page-edge detection and cropping. A basic camera capture can be a fallback for devices where the native scanner is unavailable, but it leaves more of the capture and cropping experience to your app. The Android ML Kit flow described here depends on Google Play services, so plan a fallback if your app must support devices without them.

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Match the scanner plugin’s major version to the Capacitor major version. The plugin’s repository compatibility table listed v8 for Capacitor 8 when checked in October 2026, and said only the latest major was actively maintained; v7 was maintained on demand and v6/v5 were not maintained. Check the live compatibility and maintenance information before choosing installation commands, as these can change.

The repository documents an iOS ceiling of 24 pages per scan. On Android, the maximum is configurable from 1 to 24 pages, with a documented default of 20. Treat these as limits of this plugin’s documented implementations, not universal limits for every scanner.

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Configure native platform requirements

iOS

Add NSCameraUsageDescription to ios/App/App/Info.plist and explain why the app needs camera access. The implementation guide warns that the app can terminate if this key is missing. Its setup targets iOS 15 or later; confirm the requirement for the exact plugin version you install.

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Android

For the documented ML Kit scanner, Google Play services handles camera access, so the guide does not add CAMERA to the app manifest. The flow requires Google Play services, which may be absent on some devices, including some de-Googled devices. Provide another capture route if those devices are in scope.

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  • SEAMLESS INTEGRATION — Easily incorporate your data into most document management software with the included TWAIN driver; Office document scanner integrates seamlessly with business workflows
  • EASY SHARING — Duplex scanner allows you to scan straight to email or popular cloud storage2 services like Dropbox, Evernote, Google Drive, and OneDrive for simple storage and sharing
  • SIMPLE FILE MANAGEMENT — Scanner allows the creation of searchable PDFs with Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and convert scans to editable Word or Excel files effortlessly; Designed for home and office document scanning

Test on supported hardware

The plugin repository warns that scanning does not work on Android emulators. The implementation guide also says neither Android emulators nor iOS simulators are supported scanner test targets. Validate the scanning flow on physical devices rather than treating simulator results as confirmation.

Capture pages and assemble the PDF

The scanner API is scanDocument(...). Its response includes scannedImages and a status that indicates completion or cancellation. The plugin documentation describes options including Android croppedImageQuality, crop adjustment and review controls, maxNumDocuments, and Android scannerMode. Consult the plugin documentation for the installed version’s exact signatures and option behavior.

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  • Digitize documents and images

After a completed scan, use pdf-lib to load each JPEG’s bytes, embed each image on a PDF page, and save the document as bytes or base64 for the filesystem step. This keeps capture separate from PDF layout: your app chooses page dimensions, compression, and filename. The same PDF-building logic can also be used with images from other sources.

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Preserve the PDF as binary data when writing it with @capacitor/filesystem. Do not treat the PDF bytes as UTF-8 text; that can corrupt the file. Also make sure the data you embed is a JPEG if using the JPEG embedding method. A non-JPEG image or a data URL supplied where raw JPEG bytes are expected can cause embedding to fail.

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Decide where the PDF should go

Writing a file to app storage is suitable when the app needs to retain or process it privately. If the user expects to find a download outside the app, provide an explicit save action. The Capgo guide describes @capgo/capacitor-file-sharer saving to Android MediaStore Downloads on Android 10 or later without storage permission; on iOS, the save action opens the share sheet so the user can choose Save to Files. These are behaviors of that plugin and its version, not guarantees of Capacitor generally.

For sharing, opening, printing, or uploading, select a handoff that matches what the user wants to do next. The guide describes a sharing plugin, a community file opener that uses Quick Look on iOS and the default PDF viewer on Android, a printer plugin that opens the system print interface, and a backend uploader. Verify the chosen plugin’s current requirements and file-path behavior.

One Android caveat applies to the official @capacitor/share files option: according to the guide, files in the cache directory work out of the box, while other directories may need an entry in Android’s file_paths.xml. Possible workarounds are to copy the PDF to cache before sharing or use a file-sharing plugin that provides its own Android FileProvider.

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Choose whether the PDF needs searchable text

A PDF made from page images is a valid scan, but its text is not searchable or selectable. If the app only needs in-app text search, recognize each page with OCR before discarding temporary images and index the resulting text. If users need to search or select text within the PDF itself, create a PDF with an OCR text layer, for example through a server-side OCR workflow. Capture, PDF assembly, OCR, and app-level indexing are separate stages.

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Fix common scan and PDF problems

  • iOS camera access fails: Check that NSCameraUsageDescription exists and describes the camera use; also account for a user denying permission.
  • PDF image embedding fails: Confirm the scanner output is JPEG data and that the PDF library receives image bytes in the expected format rather than an unsupported data URL.
  • The saved PDF will not open: Keep the file content binary when writing it; do not convert PDF bytes to UTF-8 text.
  • Pages appear rotated: Check page orientation and rotation when building each PDF page.
  • The shared file cannot be opened on Android: If sharing from outside cache, review the Android FileProvider and file_paths.xml configuration for the selected sharing plugin.
  • The PDF is too large: The guide suggests lowering Android croppedImageQuality or recompressing images before embedding. It describes quality around 70–80 as a rule of thumb for readable text documents, not a universal quality guarantee; check legibility with the documents and devices your app supports.

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