Use Apache with Ubuntu’s packaged WSGI module, a project-owned virtual environment, and an Apache daemon process group. The supported path is apache2 plus libapache2-mod-wsgi-py3. Apache can then route Python WSGI requests to Flask or Django while continuing to serve PHP, static files, and other sites on the same server. Put the project under a service-readable directory such as /srv/myapp, expose an application callable from a WSGI file, map it with WSGIScriptAlias, test the configuration, and reload Apache.
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This design is for WSGI frameworks. FastAPI and Starlette are ASGI frameworks and need an ASGI server behind a proxy instead of being loaded directly by mod_wsgi.
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What Apache, Python and LAMP are doing together
Apache is the public HTTP server. It accepts a request, selects a virtual host, and either serves a file directly or passes the request to a handler. PHP requests can continue through the server’s existing PHP setup, while a URL such as /myapp is handed to mod_wsgi. mod_wsgi loads Python into Apache-managed processes and invokes the WSGI callable exposed by your application.
Ubuntu’s server documentation treats Apache as part of a LAMP-style stack that can include Linux, Apache, MySQL and Python. In practice, adding a Python site does not require removing PHP. You can keep a PHP document root such as /var/www/html and give the Python application its own URL prefix or hostname.
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Typical request flow
- The browser requests
https://example.com/myapp/. - Apache selects the matching virtual host.
WSGIScriptAliasmaps the URL to a WSGI script.- mod_wsgi starts or reuses the configured daemon process group.
- The daemon imports your WSGI module and calls its
applicationobject. - The response returns through Apache, which can still serve static assets directly.
Prerequisites and a safe project layout
You need an Ubuntu server with administrative access, a DNS name if the application will be public, and an application that supports WSGI. Install the Python interpreter and virtual-environment support from Ubuntu’s packages, and keep the deployment in a path Apache can traverse.
- A supported Ubuntu installation with
sudoaccess. - Apache 2 installed from Ubuntu packages.
- Python 3 and the
venvmodule. - A WSGI-compatible Flask, Django or similar application.
- Application dependencies pinned in a requirements file or equivalent package manifest.
- A project directory outside an inaccessible home directory, for example
/srv/myapp. - A DNS record and firewall rules appropriate for HTTP and, later, HTTPS.
A layout like this keeps code, the virtual environment and static files easy to address from Apache:
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/srv/myapp/
├── .venv/
├── requirements.txt
├── myapp.wsgi
├── myapp/ # Flask package, or Django project package
└── static/ # files Apache can serve directlyThe Apache service account must be able to read the WSGI file, import the package and traverse every parent directory. Do not make the whole tree writable by the web service; grant write access only to directories that genuinely need it.
Install Apache and Ubuntu’s mod_wsgi package
- Update package indexes.
sudo apt update - Install Apache.
sudo apt install apache2 - Install the distribution WSGI module.
sudo apt install libapache2-mod-wsgi-py3Ubuntu enables this module automatically in the normal package installation. If it was disabled previously, enable it explicitly:
sudo a2enmod wsgiRestart Apache after changing loaded modules:
sudo systemctl restart apache2The Ubuntu package is the simplest supported route because it is built for the distribution’s Python integration. A PyPI-built mod_wsgi is another option when you need a different build, but it introduces a critical constraint: the module is compiled against one specific Python installation.
Create the application virtual environment
Create the environment with the same Python installation used to build the mod_wsgi module. A virtual environment isolates packages; it does not change the Python version embedded in mod_wsgi.
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sudo mkdir -p /srv/myapp
sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /srv/myapp
cd /srv/myapp
python3 -m venv .venv
. .venv/bin/activate
python -m pip install --upgrade pip
python -m pip install -r requirements.txtIf your project does not yet have a dependency file, install its framework and then record the exact versions in one. For a deployment, install those pinned dependencies into /srv/myapp/.venv, not into the system interpreter. Leave the environment in a location Apache can read; a virtual environment inside a private home directory commonly fails because Apache cannot traverse the home directory even when the files themselves are readable.
Flask package example
Suppose the project contains /srv/myapp/myapp/__init__.py and that module creates a Flask object named app. The virtual environment must contain Flask and every package imported by that module:
cd /srv/myapp
. .venv/bin/activate
python -m pip install Flask
python -m pip freeze > requirements.txtUse your project’s normal dependency-management process instead of overwriting a carefully maintained lock file with pip freeze.
Django package example
A Django project generated with django-admin normally includes a generated wsgi.py. Install Django and the project’s dependencies into the same environment, then identify the directory containing that file, for example /srv/myapp/project/wsgi.py.
Create a WSGI entry file
mod_wsgi looks for a module that exposes an object named application. The object is the WSGI callable; a file that merely defines a framework app under another name will not work until it aliases that object.
Flask
Create /srv/myapp/myapp.wsgi:
from myapp import app as applicationThe import must succeed when run with the project directory on Python’s path. If your Flask object is created by a factory, call that factory in the WSGI file instead:
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from myapp import create_app
application = create_app()Keep startup work deterministic. Import-time errors, missing environment variables and database connection failures appear as Apache 500 responses, so verify the application can import with the deployment environment before blaming Apache.
Django
Django’s generated WSGI module normally already contains the required callable:
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from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'project.settings')
application = get_wsgi_application()You can point Apache directly at that generated file, or create a small wrapper that imports it. The value of DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE must match the project package and the module must be importable from the path supplied to the daemon process.
Configure an Apache virtual host
Create a site file under /etc/apache2/sites-available/, for example /etc/apache2/sites-available/myapp.conf. This example gives the application the /myapp URL prefix and runs it in daemon mode:
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName example.com
WSGIDaemonProcess myapp
python-home=/srv/myapp/.venv
python-path=/srv/myapp
WSGIProcessGroup myapp
WSGIScriptAlias /myapp /srv/myapp/myapp.wsgi
<Directory /srv/myapp>
Require all granted
</Directory>
Alias /myapp/static/ /srv/myapp/static/
<Directory /srv/myapp/static>
Require all granted
</Directory>
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/myapp-error.log
CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/myapp-access.log combined
</VirtualHost>Replace example.com with the hostname in your DNS record. If the application should own the whole hostname, map the root URL instead:
WSGIScriptAlias / /srv/myapp/myapp.wsgiUse a distinct virtual host and hostname when you want PHP and Python sites to have independent routing. A URL-prefix deployment is convenient when an existing PHP site must remain at the root.
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What each directive controls
| Directive | Purpose |
|---|---|
WSGIDaemonProcess |
Creates a named daemon process group and associates it with the virtual environment and project path. |
WSGIProcessGroup |
Selects that daemon group for requests handled by this virtual host. |
WSGIScriptAlias |
Maps a URL path to the WSGI script that exposes application. |
Alias |
Lets Apache serve static files without sending them through Python. |
Require all granted |
Allows Apache to serve the selected directory; limit the directory scope rather than granting access to unrelated paths. |
Daemon mode is the usual choice for an ordinary deployment because the application gets its own process group instead of sharing an application process with unrelated Apache modules. The process group still uses the one Python version linked into the loaded mod_wsgi module.
Enable the site, validate it and reload Apache
- Enable the virtual host:
sudo a2ensite myapp.conf- Check the complete Apache configuration before reloading:
sudo apachectl configtestContinue only when the result is Syntax OK. A typo in a virtual-host file can otherwise prevent Apache from reloading.
- Reload Apache so existing connections are handled gracefully:
sudo systemctl reload apache2- Request the application URL and inspect the dedicated error log if the browser reports a 500:
sudo tail -f /var/log/apache2/myapp-error.log
sudo tail -f /var/log/apache2/error.logFor a first test, use the exact URL represented by the alias, such as http://example.com/myapp/. A request to the wrong hostname can select a different virtual host and make a correct Python configuration appear broken.
Serve PHP and Python on the same Ubuntu server
Yes. Apache chooses a handler by URL, virtual host and file mapping. Keep PHP at the existing document root and assign Python a separate prefix or host:
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| Request | Typical handler |
|---|---|
http://example.com/index.php |
Existing PHP handler or PHP-FPM configuration |
http://example.com/myapp/ |
mod_wsgi through WSGIScriptAlias |
http://example.com/myapp/static/site.css |
Apache Alias, not Python |
Avoid overlapping aliases. If WSGIScriptAlias / is used at the root of a virtual host, that host is dedicated to Python; do not expect PHP files in the same root to be selected automatically. Use separate hostnames or a narrower prefix when both applications need to coexist.
Choose embedded mode, daemon mode or separate instances
| Deployment choice | When it fits | Important boundary |
|---|---|---|
| Embedded mod_wsgi | Simple internal setups where the application can share Apache worker processes. | The application shares process space with other Apache work and modules. |
| Daemon-mode mod_wsgi | Most standalone Flask or Django deployments. | Still uses the Python version linked into this Apache’s mod_wsgi module. |
| Separate mod_wsgi-express instances | Applications that genuinely require different linked Python versions. | Put a front-end Apache in proxy mode and manage each instance separately. |
| ASGI server behind Apache | FastAPI, Starlette and other ASGI applications. | These frameworks do not natively run on a WSGI server. |
Daemon mode isolates the application process group, but it is not a Python-version boundary. Treat it as process and package isolation, not as a way to load a second interpreter into the same Apache.
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Understand the one-Python-version limit
Apache loads one copy of mod_wsgi, and that module has one Python library bound into it. You can create several virtual environments for separate applications, but those environments must be compatible with that linked Python version. A virtual environment made with Python 3.12 cannot make a mod_wsgi module built for Python 3.10 execute 3.12 code.
When two applications require different Python versions, run separate mod_wsgi-express instances built for the respective interpreters and place a front-end Apache in proxy mode. If you do not need that split, standardize the server on one supported Python build and use per-project virtual environments.
FastAPI and Starlette require an ASGI design
FastAPI and Starlette are ASGI frameworks. They do not natively run on a WSGI server, so pointing WSGIScriptAlias at an ASGI application is the wrong architecture. Start an ASGI-compatible server for the application and configure Apache as the public-facing reverse proxy. Keep the ASGI process supervised, bind it to a private interface or socket, and let Apache handle the public hostname, TLS and static files.
Flask and Django can be deployed through their WSGI interfaces as described above. Some newer framework features may also have ASGI entry points; choose the interface that matches the server you intend to run rather than forcing an adapter into mod_wsgi.
Static files, uploads and permissions
Static assets should normally be served by Apache with Alias. This avoids spending Python worker time on immutable CSS, JavaScript and image files. Ensure the target directory is readable and every parent directory is traversable by Apache.
Keep user uploads separate from executable source code. If the application needs to write uploads, grant write permission only to that upload directory and do not make the entire project tree writable. A 403 response usually indicates a filesystem traversal or Apache authorization problem; a 404 for a static asset often means the URL prefix and Alias target do not match.
Add HTTPS before public exposure
Do not expose a production login or API over HTTP alone. Ubuntu documents enabling mod_ssl and using a default SSL virtual-host file. Obtain a certificate through a separately verified certificate workflow, configure the certificate and key in the SSL virtual host, and redirect ordinary HTTP traffic to HTTPS after testing.
Keep the same WSGI mapping in the HTTPS virtual host. Verify that cookies, absolute URLs, API callbacks and any proxy headers are correct under the secure scheme. Renew certificates before expiry and test the renewal process rather than waiting for an outage.
Troubleshoot failures in the order they occur
| Symptom | Likely cause | Check or fix |
|---|---|---|
| Apache will not reload | Syntax error or an invalid directive. | Run sudo apachectl configtest; correct the reported file and line before retrying. |
| 404 at the application URL | Wrong hostname, URL prefix or WSGI script path. | Confirm the selected virtual host, the exact WSGIScriptAlias path and that the file exists. |
| 500 with an import error | Dependency missing, wrong python-path or an application startup exception. |
Read the Apache error log, activate the deployment environment manually and test the same import. |
| 500 mentioning an incompatible Python package | The virtual environment was created with a Python version different from mod_wsgi’s linked interpreter. | Rebuild the environment with the matching Python installation or use a separate mod_wsgi instance. |
| 403 for the WSGI file or static directory | Apache cannot traverse a parent directory or the directory rule does not grant access. | Check ownership and execute permissions on each parent, then review the relevant <Directory> block. |
| Static files return the application’s HTML | The Alias is missing, ordered incorrectly or points to the wrong directory. |
Make the static URL and filesystem target explicit and reload Apache. |
| PHP works but Python does not | The request is landing in a different virtual host or the Python alias overlaps the PHP document root. | Test the configured hostname and use a distinct prefix or virtual host for Python. |
Read both Apache’s global error log and the application-specific log. A browser’s generic 500 page hides the useful traceback; the server log identifies whether the failure happened while importing Python, loading the WSGI script, checking permissions or executing application code.
Quick Recap
Production readiness checklist
- Apache and
libapache2-mod-wsgi-py3are installed from Ubuntu packages. - The WSGI module is enabled, and Apache was restarted after module changes.
- The virtual environment was created with the Python installation compatible with mod_wsgi.
- Dependencies are installed and pinned inside that environment.
- The WSGI file exposes an
applicationcallable. - The virtual host uses
WSGIScriptAliasand a named daemon process group. - Static files are mapped with
Aliasand are not needlessly served through Python. - Apache configuration passes
apachectl configtestbefore every reload. - Application and Apache logs are monitored for import, permission and runtime errors.
- PHP and Python routes do not overlap accidentally.
- Applications needing different linked Python versions use separate mod_wsgi instances.
- ASGI applications use an ASGI server and proxy architecture instead of mod_wsgi.
- HTTPS, certificate renewal and secure redirects are configured before public launch.
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