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1Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute2Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems3Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesRun Puppeteer inside a Node.js Netlify Function and deploy a Chromium executable that works in Netlify’s Linux runtime. A practical approach is puppeteer-core with @sparticuz/chromium: use the Chromium package’s launch arguments and executable path, and confirm both packages are included in the deployed function. Netlify’s own browser-prerendering example uses this pairing. Passing locally is not proof of deployment success; test the deployed function as well.
Choose a browser deployment strategy
Puppeteer needs a browser executable. puppeteer-core does not download one for you, so provide a compatible Chromium separately and pass its path to launch. The puppeteer package downloads its preferred browser during installation, but that browser must still make it into the deployed function artifact. Puppeteer documents the executable-path approach in its configuration guide.
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| Approach | What to check |
|---|---|
puppeteer-core plus @sparticuz/chromium |
Match the Chromium package version to the browser version supported by Puppeteer; include the binary and dependencies in the function bundle. The Chromium package is Linux-only. Its README says the compressed bundle is over 50 MB and describes @sparticuz/chromium-min with a separately hosted pack for size-constrained deployments. |
puppeteer with its downloaded browser |
Ensure installation and deployment preserve the downloaded browser in the function artifact. Do not assume that installing Puppeteer alone makes a usable browser available in production. |
For local development on macOS or Windows with the Linux-only @sparticuz/chromium binary, use a locally installed browser locally and the serverless binary in the deployed environment. Pin package versions in a lockfile and check the Chromium compatibility guidance when upgrading. Package sizes and platform limits can change, so verify the current package and your project’s deployment limits.
Create a Netlify Function
Netlify’s default functions directory is netlify/functions/, and a function named capture.js is normally available at /.netlify/functions/capture. The following CommonJS example uses puppeteer-core and @sparticuz/chromium; it accepts a URL in a JSON POST body and returns the captured page title. It illustrates browser launch and navigation, not screenshot or PDF output.
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// netlify/functions/capture.js
const chromium = require('@sparticuz/chromium');
const puppeteer = require('puppeteer-core');
exports.handler = async (event) => {
if (event.httpMethod !== 'POST') {
return { statusCode: 405, body: 'Method Not Allowed' };
}
let input;
try {
input = JSON.parse(event.body || '{}');
} catch {
return { statusCode: 400, body: 'Invalid JSON body' };
}
let target;
try {
target = new URL(input.url);
} catch {
return { statusCode: 400, body: 'Provide a valid URL' };
}
// Restricting schemes is a useful minimum; production services should
// also validate destinations to prevent requests to private/internal hosts.
if (!['http:', 'https:'].includes(target.protocol)) {
return { statusCode: 400, body: 'URL must use HTTP or HTTPS' };
}
let browser;
try {
browser = await puppeteer.launch({
args: chromium.args,
defaultViewport: chromium.defaultViewport,
executablePath: await chromium.executablePath(),
headless: chromium.headless,
});
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.goto(target.href, { waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded', timeout: 30000 });
const title = await page.title();
return {
statusCode: 200,
headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json; charset=utf-8' },
body: JSON.stringify({ title }),
};
} catch (error) {
console.error('Puppeteer function failed:', error);
return { statusCode: 502, body: 'Unable to load the requested page' };
} finally {
if (browser) await browser.close();
}
};The example uses the serverless package’s launch configuration rather than hard-coded Chromium flags. The URL validation is only a starting point: a public endpoint that accepts arbitrary URLs can be abused to reach internal services, so validate allowed hosts or destinations for your use case.
Install and package dependencies
Install puppeteer-core and @sparticuz/chromium in the project that Netlify builds, and commit the resulting lockfile. Netlify CLI documentation notes that dependencies in separate, unbundled function folders are not recursively installed by the build system; its documented options include installing them during deployment with a prebuild or postinstall script. Check the current dependency-management documentation and make sure your actual function artifact contains the modules and browser.
Test locally, then test the deployed function
- Run the project’s normal dependency installation from the repository root and confirm the lockfile reflects the chosen package versions.
- Start Netlify Dev or the local functions server, then POST JSON such as
{"url":"https://example.com"}tohttp://localhost:8888/.netlify/functions/capture. - Confirm the response is JSON with a title. Local success checks your handler and local browser setup; it does not prove the Linux Chromium binary is present in the deployed artifact.
- Deploy, then POST the same request to
https://YOUR_SITE/.netlify/functions/capture. Inspect the function’s logs and metrics if launch, navigation, or output generation fails. Netlify documents function monitoring in its function monitoring guide.
Netlify Functions run in an ephemeral runtime environment. Do not rely on local filesystem state surviving between invocations; return generated output in the response or use an appropriate storage design.
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Check runtime limits and workload fit
Netlify’s configuration documentation lists a 1024 MB default function memory allocation and a 60-second synchronous execution limit. Memory is configurable; the cited documentation says the synchronous limit is not configurable. These are documented function configuration limits, not guarantees that any particular Puppeteer workload will complete within them. Check your project and account settings before relying on exact limits.
Large pages, slow navigation, and PDF generation can consume substantial time and memory. Use timeouts appropriate to the page, avoid waiting for more browser activity than the task requires, and assess the workload against the function limits. If the job cannot reliably finish synchronously, use an architecture suited to longer work rather than assuming a browser launch will fit.
Troubleshooting common failures
- “Could not find Chrome” or executable launch failure: The browser is missing from the deployed artifact, or the path is not configured. With a separately managed browser, pass its executable path and use the serverless package’s launch arguments.
- Works locally but fails after deploy: Your local browser may differ from the Linux production browser, or deployment may have omitted the function dependencies. Test the deployed function and inspect its logs; verify the artifact contains the compatible binary and packages.
- Incompatible browser or protocol errors: Puppeteer expects a corresponding browser version. Check the Puppeteer supported browsers information and the @sparticuz/chromium project documentation, then align and pin versions.
- Function times out: Navigation may be slow, the page may keep connections active, or the task may be too large for a synchronous invocation. Choose a navigation condition that matches the task, set an explicit navigation timeout, and assess memory and execution limits.
- Module not found in deployment: Dependencies may be outside the build’s dependency-install scope, especially in a separate unbundled function directory. Use the documented deployment installation approach or configure bundling so required modules reach the artifact.
- Local development fails on macOS or Windows with serverless Chromium: The
@sparticuz/chromiumexecutable is for Linux. Use a local browser for local runs and the serverless binary in Netlify. - Package or deploy artifact is too large: The Chromium README describes its compressed bundle as over 50 MB and offers
@sparticuz/chromium-minwith a separately hosted pack for constrained environments. Verify current Netlify size limits and package instructions before switching.
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Can I use Puppeteer in a Netlify Function?
Yes. Run it in a Node.js function and make sure a compatible Chromium executable and the required dependencies are included in the deployed artifact.
Does Netlify’s default function directory have to be configured?
No. Netlify’s default directory is netlify/functions/; projects can use a configured functions directory instead.
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