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Repair common Windows errors and clear accumulated junk for a smoother, more stable PC - no reinstall needed.Free scan · no reinstallTo run Puppeteer on EC2, match three things: the instance’s Linux distribution, CPU architecture, and browser binary. On a supported x86_64 Ubuntu instance, install a current Node.js runtime, install Puppeteer with its browser download enabled, add the browser’s required Linux libraries, and launch a smoke test as the same non-root user that will run your service. On Graviton, use an ARM64 browser; Puppeteer’s downloaded Chrome is x86 according to AWS’s Graviton guide. Amazon Linux commands vary by release, so do not apply the older EPEL/Chromium instructions to AL2023 without checking its repositories and packages.
Choose the right EC2 setup first
Puppeteer is a JavaScript library for controlling Chrome or Firefox, and it runs headless by default. A successful install is not enough: the selected browser must be compatible with Puppeteer, the operating system, and the instance architecture, and its shared libraries must be present.
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| EC2 choice | Browser approach | Key consideration |
|---|---|---|
| Ubuntu or Debian, x86_64 | Use Puppeteer’s downloaded Chrome for Testing, or deliberately configure a system Chromium executable. | Install the dependencies required by that browser build and verify them with ldd. |
| Ubuntu or Debian, ARM64 | Use an ARM64-compatible browser package and configure Puppeteer to launch its executable. | Check the browser’s architecture; an x86 browser cannot run natively as an ARM browser. |
| Amazon Linux | Choose packages and repositories for the exact Amazon Linux release. | The EPEL and yum recipe in Puppeteer’s troubleshooting guide is release-context-specific, not a universal AL2023 recipe. |
| Amazon Linux 2023, Graviton | Follow an AL2023 ARM-specific browser setup and verify every package source and version. | AWS’s Graviton guide has separate examples; do not mix them with Ubuntu or older Amazon Linux commands. |
Before installing anything, identify the image and architecture:
cat /etc/os-release
uname -m
node --version 2>/dev/null || trueCommon architecture outputs include x86_64 and aarch64. Check the current Puppeteer system requirements for supported Linux distributions and architectures; the current requirements page specifies Node.js 22.12 or later. That is a runtime minimum, not an EC2 instance sizing recommendation.
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Install Puppeteer and its browser on Ubuntu or Debian
The simplest route on a supported x86_64 Ubuntu or Debian host is to let Puppeteer install its compatible Chrome for Testing browser. Puppeteer’s installation documentation says npm i puppeteer normally downloads Chrome for Testing and, from Puppeteer v21.6.0, chrome-headless-shell. Install scripts may be blocked by package-manager policy or configuration; if so, Puppeteer may be installed without its browser.
- Install a supported Node.js runtime. Use a Node.js 22.12-or-later runtime that is available for your chosen distribution and architecture. Verify with
node --versionandnpm --version. - Create an application directory and install Puppeteer.
mkdir -p ~/puppeteer-ec2 cd ~/puppeteer-ec2 npm init -y npm install puppeteer - Confirm the browser was downloaded. Run
npx puppeteer browsers listand inspect the Puppeteer cache if launch later reports that Chrome cannot be found. Do not disable install scripts if you are relying on Puppeteer’s automatic browser download. - Install the selected browser’s OS libraries. Puppeteer’s Linux troubleshooting guide lists common Ubuntu/Debian dependencies; package names and availability can change by distribution release. Install the dependencies for your actual Chrome build, then use
lddas shown below to find anything still unresolved.
Chrome for Testing downloads are approximately 282 MB on Linux according to Puppeteer’s installation page. That is the browser download size, not a total disk-space estimate for the application, caches, logs, or temporary browser profiles.
Use a system-installed Chromium only deliberately
A system Chromium can be useful when your OS package source is the approved way to manage browser updates, but you then own the pairing between the installed browser and your Puppeteer version. Install Chromium from the repository appropriate to the exact OS release, locate its executable, and pass that path explicitly:
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Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesFind Drivers →Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsFree Scan →Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteDriver Scan →const puppeteer = require('puppeteer');
(async () => {
const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
executablePath: '/usr/bin/chromium',
headless: true,
});
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.goto('https://example.com', { waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded' });
console.log(await page.title());
await browser.close();
})().catch(error => {
console.error(error);
process.exitCode = 1;
});Change /usr/bin/chromium to the executable path actually installed on the instance. If you use Puppeteer’s managed browser instead, omit executablePath so Puppeteer selects its installed compatible browser.
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Install system libraries and diagnose launch failures
Chrome needs Linux shared libraries in addition to a browser executable. When Puppeteer reports a missing .so file or exits immediately, inspect the exact executable that Puppeteer is trying to launch:
ldd /path/to/chrome | grep 'not found'Replace /path/to/chrome with the binary path in the launch error or the installed browser path. Any output marked not found identifies a missing shared library. Install the package that provides that library using the package manager for the exact EC2 distribution, then run ldd again. Avoid copying a dependency list from another distribution or release without checking package availability.
Puppeteer’s troubleshooting guide documents an older Amazon Linux procedure using EPEL and yum install chromium:
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sudo amazon-linux-extras install epel -y
sudo yum install -y chromiumThat page warns that missing repository and dependency setup can leave Chromium unable to load libatk-1.0.so.0 and other libraries. Treat this as the documented older Amazon Linux context, not current instructions for every Amazon Linux version. For AL2023, check the current repositories and packages for the exact image; AWS’s Graviton guide provides separate AL2023 examples, but package versions and external sources should be verified before use.
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Run a smoke test as the service user
Test with the same non-root operating-system account, environment, and home directory that will run the application. This catches a browser cache or permissions difference that an SSH test under another user can hide.
const puppeteer = require('puppeteer');
(async () => {
const browser = await puppeteer.launch({ headless: true });
try {
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.goto('https://example.com', { waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded' });
console.log({ title: await page.title(), url: page.url() });
} finally {
await browser.close();
}
})().catch(error => {
console.error(error);
process.exitCode = 1;
});Save as smoke.js, then run node smoke.js as the intended account. If your service uses a custom HOME, cache directory, or browser executable path, use those same values for this test. Ensure the account can read the executable and write to the profile and cache locations it uses.
Run Puppeteer on AWS Graviton
Graviton instances use ARM architecture. AWS’s Graviton guide notes that Puppeteer’s bundled Chrome is x86 and demonstrates replacing it with an aarch64 browser. Confirm the host architecture with uname -m, then install a browser built for that architecture using instructions for the specific OS image.
Do these 3 things before closing this tab:
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Headless versus headful operation
For ordinary EC2 automation, use headless mode; it does not require a visible desktop. Headful browser testing needs a display server such as Xvfb. AWS’s Graviton guide includes Xvfb examples for headful tests, but the need for a display server does not change the browser’s OS-library or architecture requirements.
Keep Chrome’s sandbox enabled where the host supports it. Puppeteer explains that Chrome uses multiple sandbox layers. Its troubleshooting guidance says: “If you are absolutely sure about the content you open, you can launch Chrome with the --no-sandbox argument:” This is an exceptional option for absolutely trusted content, not a routine production fix. First investigate the runtime user and the host’s sandbox prerequisites.
Common errors and fixes
| Symptom | Likely cause | What to check |
|---|---|---|
Could not find Chrome |
The browser download was skipped or Puppeteer is looking in a different cache. | Check whether package-manager policy blocked install scripts, list Puppeteer browsers, and compare the install and runtime users’ home/cache paths. |
Failed to launch or missing .so |
A required Linux shared library is absent. | Run ldd on the actual browser executable, install the matching distribution package, and repeat the check. |
No usable sandbox! |
The host or runtime setup does not satisfy Chrome’s sandbox prerequisites. | Check the OS/runtime user and sandbox support. Do not make --no-sandbox the default; Puppeteer documents it only for absolutely trusted content. |
| Works over SSH but fails as a service | The service may have a different user, HOME, cache or profile permissions, environment, memory availability, or executable path. |
Compare those values between the SSH session and service, and run the smoke test as the service account. |
| Launch fails only on ARM | The browser binary may be x86 rather than ARM64. | Check uname -m and inspect the browser executable’s architecture; use an aarch64-compatible build on Graviton. |
Or skip the browser setup
If the job is to capture a website rather than automate a browser session, ScreenshotNeo is a screenshot API and MCP server for developers. It can return a PNG, JPEG, WebP, or PDF from one GET request, avoiding EC2 browser installation and maintenance for screenshot-only work. Its cleanup options can accept consent banners and remove 60+ known consent platforms, newsletter popups, and chat widgets before capture; each step can be turned off. Bot checks/CAPTCHAs, blank pages, timeouts, failed loads, and cache hits are not billed, with response headers indicating the page verdict and billing status. Its MCP server includes tools for AI agents: take_screenshot, get_page_info, and capture_pdf.
Example using cURL (see the ScreenshotNeo API documentation):
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Frequently Asked Questions
Does Puppeteer need a graphical desktop on EC2?
No for ordinary headless operation. A display server such as Xvfb is needed when running headful browser examples.
Can Puppeteer run on a Graviton instance?
Yes, but use an ARM64-compatible browser. AWS’s Graviton guide notes Puppeteer’s bundled Chrome is x86.
Is Puppeteer itself a browser?
No. It is a JavaScript library that controls Chrome or Firefox.
Quick Recap
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