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How to Report Check Fraud and Dispute a Forged Check

Contact your bank promptly, open a formal dispute, preserve check and account records, and ask which deadlines and protections apply to your specific transaction.
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If you discover a check was forged, altered, stolen, or deposited with a false endorsement, contact your bank or credit union promptly and ask it to open a fraud dispute. Request the bank’s procedure, evidence requirements, and applicable deadline; keep copies of the check and statement and a dated record of every communication. The right steps and legal protections depend on what happened and how the check was processed, so no single deadline or reimbursement result applies to every paper-check dispute.

What to do first after discovering check fraud

  1. Identify the disputed item. Note the check number, date, amount, payee, and transaction date. Work out whether the forged or changed element was the signature on the front, the endorsement on the back, the payee, or the amount. Also note whether you wrote the check or were supposed to receive it.
  2. Contact the relevant bank or credit union promptly. Use its official phone number, secure message channel, or a branch. Say clearly that you are disputing an unauthorized check transaction and describe the suspected forgery or alteration. Ask the institution to open a fraud claim and explain its required process, documents, and deadline. Request a claim number and confirmation of next steps. The CFPB advises quick contact after discovering a forged endorsement (CFPB guidance on a forged endorsement); the OCC likewise advises notifying the institution and disputing unauthorized transactions (OCC check-fraud guidance).
  3. Ask about securing the account. Ask whether the bank recommends stopping remaining checks, changing credentials, closing the account, or opening a replacement account. Account replacement may be appropriate in some cases, but it is not a universal requirement.
  4. Preserve evidence and submit copies as requested. Save images of both sides of the check if available, the statement showing the transaction, payment or deposit records, and relevant correspondence. Keep originals and send copies through the bank’s requested secure channel. Requirements vary by institution; do not assume every bank uses the same affidavit or form. USAGov recommends providing copies of checks, receipts, or other transaction proof when reporting a financial-institution problem (USAGov bank and credit complaints guidance).
  5. Keep a dated record and follow up in writing. Record when you called or sent a message, whom you spoke with, what you provided, and any instructions or promised follow-up. Ask the bank to confirm receipt and give its decision and any denial reason in writing. Do not wait for a police or agency report before starting the bank dispute.

Which bank should you contact?

Someone forged the endorsement on a check you wrote

Contact the bank or credit union that paid the check as quickly as possible and dispute the forged endorsement. State law generally determines important protections and the reporting period for paper checks. If the item was processed as an electronic fund transfer, additional federal protections may apply. The CFPB explains the forged-endorsement issue and these distinctions in its consumer guidance.

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A check payable to you was lost and someone forged your endorsement

Contact your own bank or credit union and tell the person or organization that wrote the check. The writer may be able to seek reimbursement from its bank and issue a replacement, but that outcome is not automatic; coordinate with both institutions. See the CFPB’s guidance for a lost check payable to you.

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A check you wrote was stolen and cashed with a forged payee signature

Contact the bank that paid the check right away and ask it to restore the money. CFPB guidance says state law generally provides that a consumer is not responsible when someone forged the signature of the person to whom the check was payable, while electronic processing may bring additional federal protections. It also notes an important exception: protections generally do not apply if you signed a blank check and lost it before someone filled in their own name and cashed it. Explain the facts to your institution and consult the CFPB’s stolen-check guidance.

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The check amount or payee was altered

Tell the bank exactly what appears to have been changed, and provide any copy, stub, invoice, or other record that shows the intended payee or amount. Ask whether the bank has treated the item as a paper check or an electronic transfer, since that classification can affect which protections may apply. Do not assume the forged-signature rules or an electronic-transfer deadline automatically cover every alteration.

Will the bank return the money, and how long can a dispute take?

There is no universal promise of reimbursement or single nationwide deadline for a forged paper check. State law and the specific facts matter, and the bank should tell you its required reporting procedure and the deadline it believes applies. Contacting the institution promptly preserves your opportunity to dispute the item; do not wait while trying to determine the law on your own.

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If the transaction was processed as an electronic fund transfer, federal law may provide additional protections. The CFPB’s general guidance says an institution generally has ten business days to investigate an unauthorized transaction, subject to conditions involving investigation, provisional credit, and resolution. That is electronic-fund-transfer guidance, not a universal rule for all forged checks. Ask the bank how it processed the transaction and whether that process applies to your claim (CFPB unauthorized-transaction guidance).

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How to escalate if the bank does not resolve the dispute

  1. Raise the issue with the bank. Follow its complaint or appeal process, or contact a branch manager, customer service, or the bank’s website. Keep the claim number and copies of the evidence you submitted.
  2. Submit a CFPB complaint when appropriate. If direct contact does not resolve an eligible bank or credit issue, use the CFPB complaint process and include relevant supporting documents. Check USAGov’s complaint guidance for current instructions and applicable routes.
  3. Report the fraud through a channel suited to how it happened. The OCC lists the FTC’s IdentityTheft.gov, the FBI’s Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) for internet-related crime, the U.S. Postal Inspection Service (USPIS) for mail-related fraud, and local law enforcement as reporting options (OCC check-fraud guidance). The FTC also points fake-check scam victims to the FTC, USPIS, and their state attorney general (FTC fake-check guidance). These reports may help document what happened, but they do not replace the dispute with your bank.
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If the problem is a fake-check scam

A fake-check scam is different from someone forging or altering a check drawn on your account. In a common scam, you deposit a counterfeit check and are asked to send some of the money onward. A bank may make funds available before it discovers the check is fake, and you may still owe money after the check is returned. If you sent money, contact the payment provider immediately and ask whether the transfer can be stopped or recovered. Do not send money from a check unless you know and trust the person or business that gave it to you. The FTC explains how to recognize and report these scams in its fake-check guidance.

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