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Random freezes, missing sound and display glitches usually trace back to one bad driver. Find and replace yours safely.Free scan · under a minuteA native SegWit address is a checksummed text encoding of the witness version and witness program used for a Bitcoin Segregated Witness output. Wallet software decodes the address and builds the corresponding output script; the address is not itself the witness program or script.
What information does a native SegWit address contain?
Segregated Witness, defined in BIP 141, defines witness programs that are committed to in a Bitcoin output. BIP 173 defines how those programs are represented as addresses: the text contains a human-readable network prefix, a separator, encoded data for the witness version and program, and a checksum.
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The witness program is converted from bytes into base32 data values for the address. When a wallet receives an address, it validates and decodes that representation to construct the output script.
Network prefix
For Bitcoin mainnet, the human-readable prefix is bc; for testnet, it is tb. The prefix is one network clue, not a substitute for checking the selected network in the wallet.
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Witness version and program
The witness version identifies the rules associated with the witness program. Version 0 includes the commonly encountered P2WPKH and P2WSH output forms. Under BIP 173, a version 0 witness program is 20 or 32 bytes. The address carries an encoded representation of this version and program, rather than exposing the program as plain text.
What does a bc1 address mean?
A bc1 beginning indicates the Bech32-style address family and the bc mainnet prefix. It does not, by itself, identify the witness version or checksum variant. For example, version 0 addresses commonly begin bc1q, while Taproot version 1 addresses commonly begin bc1p. The version must be decoded from the address data.
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Bech32 and Bech32m: which checksum applies?
BIP 350 distinguishes the checksum variant by witness version. Version 0 uses Bech32; versions 1 through 16 use Bech32m. A decoder should verify that the checksum variant matches the decoded version. This is why the shared bc1 beginning does not mean all such addresses follow the same checksum rule.
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|---|---|---|
| 0 | Bech32 | bc1q |
| 1 | Bech32m | bc1p for mainnet Taproot |
| 2 through 16 | Bech32m | Depends on the version and encoded data |
How can you check an address before using it?
Use a wallet or payment service that understands the address format and the intended network. Correct parsing matters: BIP 173 warns that incorrectly converting an address into a scriptPubKey can create an unspendable or insecure output.
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- Confirm that the address is for the same Bitcoin network selected in your wallet; mainnet and testnet prefixes differ.
- Use software that validates the checksum and checks that its variant agrees with the witness version.
- Check that the witness version and program length meet the applicable rules. BIP 173 specifies witness programs of 2 to 40 bytes overall, with version 0 restricted to 20 or 32 bytes.
- Do not use mixed-case Bech32 strings. BIP 173 says mixed-case strings are invalid, and encoders should produce lowercase.
- Confirm that the sending wallet or service supports the receiving address format before transferring funds. Bitcoin.org notes that some wallets and services may lack Bech32 support (wallet directory).
Is Bech32 the same thing as SegWit?
No. SegWit describes the Bitcoin output and witness structure; Bech32 and Bech32m are text encodings used to represent native witness addresses. BIP 173 sets a maximum Bech32 string length of 90 characters, while BIP 350 specifies which checksum variant is used for each witness-version group. An address is the readable representation; the witness program and resulting output script are the data that wallet software interprets.
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