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In Bash, put a filename with spaces in quotes so the shell passes it to a command as one argument: cat 'quarterly report.txt'. You can also escape each space with a backslash: cat quarterly report.txt. If the path is stored in a variable, quote the expansion: cat "$file".
Open or inspect one file with spaces
For a literal filename, use single or double quotes around the whole name:
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cat 'quarterly report.txt'
cat "quarterly report.txt"Single quotes preserve the literal characters inside them. Double quotes also keep the filename together, but Bash still performs certain expansions inside double quotes. For a simple filename, either form works; single quotes are convenient when the name contains characters that Bash might otherwise interpret. See the Bash Reference Manual.
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cat quarterly report.txtUse the same quoting or escaping with other commands, replacing cat with the command you need. If a command reports that it cannot find the file, check that the name and path match exactly and that the spaces are quoted or escaped.
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Pass a filename stored in a variable
Quote the variable expansion so Bash does not split a path containing spaces into separate words:
file='quarterly report.txt'
cat "$file"Bash performs word splitting on unquoted expansion results; quoting the expansion keeps this path together as one argument. The rule applies wherever a variable supplies a path to a command. See the manual sections on shell expansions and quoting and word splitting.
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Handle lists of filenames safely in scripts
Quoting a single path does not make a whitespace-separated list of paths safe. Filenames can contain spaces, tabs, and newlines, so default xargs whitespace parsing can treat one filename as several arguments. For GNU Findutils, pass filenames using NUL delimiters instead:
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find . -type f -print0 | xargs -0 commandHere command stands for the program and any arguments you want to run on the found files. Another GNU Findutils option is to have find invoke the command in batches:
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find . -type f -exec command {} +These approaches handle filenames that contain whitespace without treating that whitespace as a separator. The cited -print0 and xargs -0 options are documented for GNU Findutils; if portability matters, check which options your system’s installed implementations support. See GNU Findutils’ documentation on unusual characters in filenames.
When a displayed filename looks different
Some utilities escape or quote filenames in their output. GNU Coreutils provides multiple formatting styles; its shell-escape style can represent non-printable characters, and its manual says that shell quoting is suitable for Bash-compatible shells but may not work in shells such as csh. Treat displayed spelling as a presentation choice, not universal shell syntax: apply the quoting rules for the shell where you will enter the name. See GNU Coreutils’ filename-formatting documentation.
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