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How to Protect Smart-Home Devices With Secure Accounts and Network Settings

A practical sequence for securing smart-home accounts, updating devices, protecting router administration and Wi-Fi, and deciding when network separation or router replacement makes sense.

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Protect smart-home devices by securing their individual accounts and the router they share: use unique passwords, enable multifactor authentication where available, install updates, and set Wi-Fi encryption to WPA3 Personal or WPA2 Personal. Then review router features and consider a guest or smart-home network, while checking your router’s documentation because network separation does not guarantee isolation on every setup.

1. Find every device and the account behind it

Start with the connected-device or client list in your router’s app or administration page. Match unfamiliar device names to equipment in your home, then note which manufacturer app or online account controls each device. The router’s list may show a model name, manufacturer, or network address rather than a familiar product name; check devices one at a time if you are unsure.

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This inventory gives you a practical order for reviewing account security and updates. The Federal Trade Commission calls the router “The key to privacy in the Internet-of-Things (IoT) world” in its home Wi-Fi guidance.

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2. Secure each device account

Replace default and reused passwords

Change any default password or PIN used to sign in to a device, its app, or its online account. Give each account a distinct password rather than reusing one from email, shopping, or another smart-home service. Also change default administrator credentials on devices when their settings allow it; this is separate from changing the router’s Wi-Fi password.

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Enable multifactor authentication where offered

Turn on multifactor authentication (MFA) for the account when the manufacturer offers it. MFA requires another verification method in addition to the password, which can help protect an account if its password or PIN is exposed. The available methods and account-security controls differ by device and manufacturer.

Review permissions and privacy settings

Check who can access the account, whether shared users still need access, and what permissions the device or app has. Review the manufacturer’s security and privacy settings; options vary, so follow the instructions for your specific model and app rather than assuming every device has the same controls.

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3. Update devices and the router

Install available software or firmware updates for smart-home devices and the router. When automatic updates are offered, enable them so security fixes can be applied without relying on occasional manual checks. Use the device manufacturer’s or internet service provider’s update instructions, since the update process and support period vary.

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If a device no longer receives security updates, consider retiring or replacing it, especially if it handles sensitive information or remains connected to the internet. Check its current support status with the manufacturer rather than assuming that all devices receive updates for the same length of time.

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NIST’s smart-home mitigation study, published July 23, 2020, interviewed 40 smart-home users. It found that security concerns did not always lead to protective action, in part because device options or users’ technical knowledge could limit what they did. The sample count describes that study, not smart-home users generally. NIST study details.

4. Secure Wi-Fi and router administration

Choose WPA3 Personal or WPA2 Personal

In the router’s Wi-Fi security settings, use WPA3 Personal if available; otherwise, use WPA2 Personal. Set a unique Wi-Fi password that is not reused for device accounts or the router administrator login. Avoid WEP and WPA: the FTC identifies those older Wi-Fi security options as outdated and insecure. Its guidance says, “WPA3 is the newer — and best — encryption available, but both will work to scramble your information.” FTC Wi-Fi security guidance.

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Change the router administrator password

Change the default administrator password used to manage router settings. This credential is distinct from the Wi-Fi password that household devices use to connect. Keep the two separate, and use the router’s manual or support page to find the administration controls for your model.

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Keep router software current and use its firewall

Install router firmware updates and enable automatic updates if your model supports them. Check your router’s documentation for its firewall setting and keep the firewall enabled unless you have a specific, informed reason to change it. The FTC recommends updating router software and enabling the firewall as part of its home Wi-Fi security advice. NIST’s NISTIR 8425A, published September 10, 2024, sets out cybersecurity outcomes and requirements for consumer-grade routers.

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5. Review router features that affect access

Check whether remote management, Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS), or Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) is enabled. The FTC recommends turning these features off because they can weaken security. Before changing them, consider how you use your network and consult your router documentation: remote management can be convenient for administering a router away from home, WPS can simplify connecting devices, and UPnP can let devices or apps configure network access automatically. Disabling them may affect those functions.

Do not change a setting solely because its name sounds unfamiliar. Use the router maker’s instructions to understand what it does on your model and whether turning it off will disrupt a household device or service.

6. Consider a guest or smart-home network

If your router supports it, you can place smart-home devices on a guest network or a separate smart-home network. Separating devices may reduce how directly they share a network with personal computers and phones, but the protection depends on the router’s configuration. Some guest networks restrict access to other devices; others may not provide the isolation you expect. Confirm the behavior in your router’s documentation and check that devices still work as intended.

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7. Decide whether your router needs replacing

First check for a firmware update and ask the router manufacturer or internet provider whether your existing equipment supports WPA2 Personal or WPA3 Personal. Consider replacement if it cannot support either after available updates. Before choosing a replacement, compare the criteria that affect your household:

  • Wi-Fi security: Support for WPA3 Personal or WPA2 Personal.
  • Ongoing updates: The manufacturer’s or provider’s stated update-support policy.
  • Network controls: Whether it offers a guest or separate network and the administrative settings you need.
  • Compatibility: Whether it works with your internet service and the devices already in your home.

NISTIR 8425A provides cybersecurity outcomes and requirements for consumer-grade routers; it is not a product ranking or a substitute for checking a particular router’s support and compatibility. Read NISTIR 8425A.

Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on Amazon at the time of purchase will apply.

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