The Tool Desk
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Choose how the source should fit the output
First decide whether the output must show the entire source or fill the target frame edge to edge. Those goals differ whenever the source and target aspect ratios do not match.
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| Treatment | What happens | Use it when |
|---|---|---|
| Preserve with borders | The whole picture fits inside the target canvas; unused space becomes borders. videoconvertscale has add-borders=true by default and adds black borders as needed to preserve display aspect ratio. |
You need to keep all picture content, including faces, captions, and edges. |
| Crop to fill | Some picture area is removed to match the requested ratio; the remaining image can then fill the target frame. | Filling the frame matters more than retaining all edges, and the framing has been checked. |
Do not force unrelated source dimensions into the target width and height without accounting for display geometry. Pixel dimensions alone may not tell the whole story; check the source’s display aspect ratio as well.
Preserve the full picture with GStreamer
For a file-decoding pipeline that produces raw video, place videoconvertscale before the raw-video caps filter and encoder. This illustrative video-branch pattern requests a 1280 × 720 canvas and square pixels:
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... ! videoconvertscale add-borders=true ! video/x-raw,width=1280,height=720,pixel-aspect-ratio=1/1 ! ...encoder...- Replace
1280and720with the output canvas you intend to send. For example, 1280 × 720 is 16:9. - Keep
add-borders=truewhen the entire source image must remain visible. It is the documented default, but setting it explicitly makes the intent clear. - Request
pixel-aspect-ratio=1/1for square pixels, as YouTube recommends for live ingest. - Check that your installed GStreamer version and the downstream encoder support the negotiated raw-video format.
This is a video-branch pattern, not a complete, tested YouTube pipeline. The exact decoder, encoder, audio branch, and output settings depend on your setup.
Crop only when you intend to lose the edges
GStreamer’s aspectratiocrop crops frames to a requested ratio. For a 16:9 output, a crop stage can be used before scaling:
... ! aspectratiocrop aspect-ratio=16/9 ! videoconvertscale ! video/x-raw,width=1280,height=720,pixel-aspect-ratio=1/1 ! ...encoder...Review the crop before streaming: content near the edges, including captions and faces, may disappear. Cropping is not the same as preserving the whole image with borders.
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Inspect the negotiated caps before encoding
Caps filters constrain the media properties that can be negotiated between elements. Use GStreamer’s verbose pipeline output to see what the pipeline actually produces:
gst-launch-1.0 -v ...Inspect the final raw-video caps before encoding. Confirm the width, height, frame rate, and pixel-aspect-ratio match your intended output. The GStreamer tutorial describes gst-launch-1.0 -v as a way to print the caps produced by a pipeline. It is primarily a basic pipeline and debugging tool; application developers are directed to the GStreamer API and gst_parse_launch().
Match the video stream to YouTube Live ingest
YouTube’s live encoder guidance, accessed October 3, 2026, lists RTMP/RTMPS ingest; H.264, H.265, or AV1 video; up to 60 fps; constant-bitrate encoding; and a recommended two-second keyframe interval that should not exceed four seconds. Its advanced recommendations include progressive scan and square pixel aspect ratio.
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Examples of YouTube’s published bitrate recommendations are below. They are recommendations, not guarantees of a particular picture quality.
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|---|---|---|
| 1080p at 30 fps | H.264 | 10 Mbps recommended; 5–14 Mbps range (YouTube, 2026) |
| 1080p at 30 fps | AV1 or H.265 | 10 Mbps recommended; 4–10 Mbps range (YouTube, 2026) |
| 720p at 30 fps | H.264 | 8 Mbps recommended; 3–8 Mbps range (YouTube, 2026) |
Choose a bitrate your upload connection can sustain consistently. YouTube advises testing upload speed, testing with audio and movement similar to the real stream, and monitoring stream health during the broadcast.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Troubleshoot stretching, cropping, or a rejected output
- The picture looks stretched: Check the source’s display geometry and the requested canvas ratio. Avoid forcing an incompatible shape; preserve the whole image with
add-borders=trueor deliberately crop to the target ratio. - Parts of the picture are missing: Check whether
aspectratiocropis in the pipeline or borders have been disabled. Remove the crop or restore borders if the whole frame needs to remain visible. - The output has unexpected dimensions or pixel geometry: Run
gst-launch-1.0 -vand inspect the final raw-video caps for width, height, frame rate, and pixel aspect ratio. Adjust the caps and confirm the encoder can negotiate them. - YouTube reports stream-health problems: Test the pipeline in YouTube Live Control Room, inspect its preview and stream-health messages, and check whether the upload connection can sustain the selected bitrate.
- The same pipeline behaves differently on another machine: Verify the installed GStreamer build, available elements, and downstream encoder support; the documented patterns do not establish behavior for every build, encoder, or input file.
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