To loop a video file into YouTube Live, put FFmpeg’s -stream_loop -1 option before the input, use -re to send the file at real-time speed, and publish to the RTMPS URL and stream key from YouTube Live Control Room. The command below is a starting template: match its video and audio settings to your file, YouTube’s ingest guidance, and your upload connection, then test and monitor the stream.
Use this FFmpeg command as a starting point
ffmpeg
-stream_loop -1 -re -i input.mp4
-c:v libx264 -pix_fmt yuv420p -r 30 -g 60
-b:v 5M -maxrate 5M -bufsize 10M
-c:a aac -b:a 128k -ar 44100
-f flv 'rtmps://<server>/<stream-key>'-stream_loop -1 tells FFmpeg to repeat the input indefinitely; it must come before -i input.mp4. -re reads the file at real-time speed rather than sending it as fast as the machine can process it. The output is encoded as H.264 video and AAC audio in an FLV stream for delivery to YouTube. The RTMPS destination shown is a placeholder: replace it with the secure ingest URL and key for your stream.
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This is an illustrative template, not a tested command for every file, FFmpeg build, server, or YouTube account. Its 30 fps, 5 Mbps video bitrate, and 60-frame GOP are aligned with YouTube’s current H.264 1080p30 recommendation and two-second keyframe guidance. The 5 Mbps figure is not a universal setting. Change resolution, frame rate, bitrate, and GOP to fit your source and target, and use YouTube’s bitrate table for the codec and format you choose.
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- In YouTube Studio, open Live Control Room and create or select the stream.
- Copy the stream URL and stream key shown in the stream’s settings. Treat the key like a password: anyone who gets it may be able to send video to your stream. Do not place a real key in a public script, post, or article. See YouTube’s encoder setup instructions.
- Choose RTMPS if your encoder supports it. YouTube says the ordinary RTMP URL may be shown by default; use the lock control in Live Control Room to reveal the RTMPS URL. RTMPS adds TLS/SSL encryption to RTMP. See YouTube’s RTMPS guidance.
- Substitute the RTMPS URL and key in the output destination according to the format YouTube presents for your stream. Keep credentials out of shared command history and scripts where other users can read them.
Match the command to your file and YouTube’s settings
Video codec, resolution, and frame rate
YouTube lists H.264, H.265/HEVC, and AV1 for encoder streams and supports frame rates up to 60 fps. The example uses H.264 at 30 fps. Choose a resolution and frame rate your source can sustain, then consult YouTube’s encoder settings, bitrate, and resolution guidance for the corresponding recommended bitrate. For H.264 at 1080p30, YouTube’s current recommendation is 5 Mbps.
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The template’s -r 30 requests 30 frames per second and -pix_fmt yuv420p selects a widely compatible pixel format. These are not promises that the source will look better at those settings; upscaling or changing frame rate cannot restore detail that is not in the file.
Keyframes and rate control
YouTube recommends a keyframe interval of two seconds and says not to exceed four seconds. At 30 fps, -g 60 requests a 60-frame GOP, which corresponds to two seconds if the encoder honors the requested frame rate. YouTube also recommends constant bitrate (CBR). The example sets -b:v and -maxrate to the same value, but confirm the encoder’s actual rate-control behavior for your FFmpeg build and chosen codec.
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Audio
The example encodes audio as AAC at 128 kbps and 44.1 kHz. YouTube lists AAC or MP3 and gives stereo audio guidance of 44.1 kHz at 128 Kbps. If the input has no audio stream, or uses an audio format that does not work with your chosen settings, adapt the command rather than assuming the example fits it.
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Color and picture format
YouTube’s guidance recommends progressive scan, square pixels, and Rec. 709 for SDR. The sample command does not explicitly set every one of these properties. Inspect the source and configure the output deliberately if its scan type, pixel aspect ratio, or color metadata differs from your target.
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Check FFmpeg and inspect the input before going live
- Confirm FFmpeg is installed and check the options and encoders available in your build. Option availability and encoder names vary with how FFmpeg was compiled; do not assume every installation includes
libx264. - Inspect the input’s video and audio streams with a media-inspection tool such as
ffprobe. Note the codecs, dimensions, frame rate, audio presence, and other properties you need to preserve or change. - Replace
input.mp4with the real file path and set output parameters for the selected YouTube ingest format. Make sure the connection can sustain the outgoing bitrate; a bitrate setting is not useful if the upload link cannot reliably carry it. - Start with an unlisted or otherwise appropriate test stream. Confirm picture and sound in YouTube, and watch Live Control Room’s stream-health messages. A running FFmpeg process alone does not prove YouTube is receiving a healthy stream.
YouTube recommends testing before going live and monitoring stream health during the event. Its encoder recommendations can change, so check the current settings for your chosen codec and resolution before using the command.
When stream copy may help—and why it still needs a test
If the file’s codecs and parameters already match YouTube’s selected ingest settings, stream copy may reduce CPU use by avoiding re-encoding. That does not make incompatible media compatible, and it does not establish that a particular file will pass cleanly across a loop boundary. Inspect and test the exact file and command before relying on it unattended. If copy mode fails or the output does not match the ingest requirements, encode the streams instead.
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What “nonstop” does and does not guarantee
The loop option repeats the input, but it cannot guarantee an uninterrupted public broadcast. Encoder load, file characteristics, network availability, YouTube ingest health, account settings, and operator actions can all affect a live stream. Test the actual setup and observe YouTube’s stream-health panel.
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There is also an archive limit to plan around: YouTube says streams under 12 hours are automatically archived. Its setup page does not establish that an uninterrupted broadcast longer than that will be archived as one complete video. If you need a complete recording, plan a separate archive strategy rather than assuming a long live stream will produce one complete replay. See YouTube’s encoder setup page.
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Troubleshoot common setup problems
YouTube does not receive the stream
- Check the destination: confirm that the RTMPS URL and stream key came from the selected stream in Live Control Room and were copied correctly.
- Check protocol support: if the installed FFmpeg build or destination configuration does not support the chosen secure URL, verify its capabilities and use the URL YouTube provides for the encoder setup.
- Check the key: if the stream key was changed or belongs to a different stream, update the encoder configuration. Keep the key private.
The stream starts but YouTube reports poor health
- Check upload capacity: lower the target bitrate or choose a format that your connection can sustain, using YouTube’s recommended value for that codec and resolution.
- Check keyframes: ensure the encoder is producing a two-second interval where possible and does not exceed YouTube’s four-second maximum.
- Check format compatibility: verify the outgoing codec, frame rate, audio format, and other settings against YouTube’s encoder guidance.
FFmpeg uses too much CPU or fails around a loop
- Check whether you are re-encoding: H.264 encoding can be demanding. If the source already matches the target, test whether stream copy is appropriate; otherwise consider a lower-complexity target or an encoder your build supports.
- Test the loop boundary: inspect and run the exact input through a test stream. Stream-copy compatibility at the boundary cannot be assumed from the fact that the file plays once.
- Separate evidence from diagnosis: one FFmpeg mailing-list user reported high CPU use and loss of the Live indicator, but that anecdote is not a general performance result or a validated cause. See the FFmpeg-user example.
The broadcast is live but has no sound or picture
- Confirm the input actually contains the expected audio and video streams.
- Check that the command maps and encodes the streams you intend to send, and that the selected codecs and parameters are supported by the ingest setup.
- Verify the result in YouTube during a test instead of relying only on FFmpeg’s process output.
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Quick Recap
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