Use Playwright for Python to open the login page, fill in the site’s form, verify that authentication succeeded, and save the resulting page with page.screenshot(path="screenshot.png"). The example below is a template: you must adapt its URL, labels, button name, and success check to the website, and the site must permit browser automation.
Install Playwright before running the script
Follow the official Playwright for Python installation instructions to install the Python package and browser binaries. The required installation command can depend on your environment, so use the current instructions there rather than assuming the Python package alone includes a browser.
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Set credentials in environment variables instead of embedding them in source code. For example, in a Unix-like shell, run export SITE_USERNAME='[email protected]' and export SITE_PASSWORD='your-password' before starting Python. Use your operating system’s equivalent environment-variable setup where needed, and avoid printing or logging credentials.
Log in and save the authenticated page as PNG
This synchronous example assembles documented Playwright interactions; it is not a tested script for any particular site. Replace the sample URL and accessible names with the labels and button text shown by your target website.
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import os
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright, expect
with sync_playwright() as p:
browser = p.chromium.launch(headless=True)
page = browser.new_page()
page.goto("https://example.com/login")
page.get_by_label("Email").fill(os.environ["SITE_USERNAME"])
page.get_by_label("Password").fill(os.environ["SITE_PASSWORD"])
page.get_by_role("button", name="Sign in").click()
# Replace with an element that only appears after successful login.
expect(page.get_by_role("button", name="Account")).to_be_visible()
page.screenshot(path="screenshot.png")
browser.close()get_by_label() and get_by_role() use the page’s accessible names. If the site does not expose those names, choose a locator that matches its actual markup; selectors are not universal. A visible account control is only an example of an authentication check. Prefer a site-specific element or URL that demonstrates the signed-in state, so an error message or return to the login screen is not mistaken for success.
The screenshot call writes a PNG to screenshot.png in the script’s current working directory. Keep it after the successful-login check; otherwise the saved image may show the login page or an intermediate redirect.
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Handle MFA, redirects, and site-specific login behavior
The example assumes a conventional form with email and password fields and a sign-in button. Actual flows may redirect, require additional steps, or use labels and controls that differ. Adjust the interaction and success assertion for the site’s documented or permitted test flow. If sign-in requires an authenticator, passkey, or another human-mediated action, the script may need to pause for that step rather than trying to bypass it.
Use browser automation only where the site permits it, and do not attempt to defeat CAPTCHA or other access controls. A login flow that cannot be completed through an approved automation path cannot be made reliable merely by changing a selector.
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Choose what to capture
- Current viewport:
page.screenshot(path="screenshot.png")captures the page as currently rendered in the viewport. - Full scrollable page: use
page.screenshot(path="screenshot.png", full_page=True)to capture the full page rather than only the visible viewport. - One element: save a specific component with
page.locator(".your-selector").screenshot(path="element.png"). Replace the selector with one that identifies the element on your page.
Playwright can also return screenshot bytes for post-processing instead of writing directly to a path. For a straightforward PNG file, the path option is the simplest choice.
Reuse a signed-in state without exposing it
If you need to take later screenshots without repeating login, save browser-context storage after a successful sign-in with context.storage_state(path="playwright/.auth/state.json"). For subsequent runs, create a context with browser.new_context(storage_state="playwright/.auth/state.json"), then navigate to the authenticated page and verify the signed-in state before capturing. See Playwright’s authentication documentation for the storage-state workflow.
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Authentication state can include cookies and headers that allow someone to impersonate the account. Store it as a secret, restrict access, delete it when it expires or is no longer needed, and exclude its directory from version control using .gitignore. Do not commit it, including to a private repository.
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Troubleshoot common failures
- Missing environment variable: Python raises a
KeyErrorwhen a named credential variable is unset. Set the variable in the environment that launches Python; do not put the password into the script as a shortcut. - Playwright cannot launch Chromium: install the browser binaries as directed in the official Playwright Python installation instructions. Installing the Python package by itself may not install the browser needed for the script.
- Locator does not find the field or button: the accessible label or button name differs from the example, or the page has not reached the expected state. Inspect the site’s form and use its actual accessible names; do not assume every site uses “Email,” “Password,” and “Sign in.”
- The success check times out: the chosen account element may not exist, the login may have failed, or the flow may require another step or redirect. Replace the example assertion with a marker unique to the authenticated page and account for the site’s actual login flow.
- The PNG shows the login page: the script may be capturing before authentication completes, or the check may not establish that login succeeded. Make the assertion site-specific and capture only after it passes.
- Saved state no longer signs in: site sessions can expire or require additional authentication data. Repeat the permitted login flow to create fresh state; do not assume a storage file works indefinitely.
Or skip the browser setup
If you need a screenshot of a publicly accessible page rather than a page behind your login, ScreenshotNeo offers a one-request screenshot API. It does not log in to websites or replace the authenticated Playwright workflow above.
With an API key, request a PNG by setting the output format:
curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot"
-d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY
--data-urlencode url=https://stripe.com
-d format=png
-o shot.pngSee the ScreenshotNeo API documentation for request options and response details. Its clean-shot flow accepts cookie or consent banners as a visitor and removes more than 60 known consent platforms, newsletter popups, and chat widgets; each of those steps can be turned off. Bot checks, blank pages, timeouts, failed loads, and cache hits are not billed, and responses indicate the page verdict and billing status in headers. ScreenshotNeo also provides an MCP server with take_screenshot, get_page_info, and capture_pdf tools for AI agents and other MCP clients. The free plan includes 1,000 shots per month with no card; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000 shots.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Does Playwright save a screenshot as PNG by default?
Yes. The documented page.screenshot(path="screenshot.png") pattern writes the screenshot to the named PNG path.
Can I screenshot a page that requires login with ScreenshotNeo?
ScreenshotNeo’s described one-request screenshot API is for publicly accessible pages; it does not perform the website login shown in this Python workflow.
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