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One free scan finds every outdated or missing driver and matches the right update for your exact hardware.Free scan · exact hardware matchTo connect an application to Canvas LMS on behalf of an individual user, use Canvas’s OAuth 2.0 authorization-code flow: have the institution enable a developer key, send the user to their Canvas host to authorize, exchange the returned one-time code for a token, and call the API with a bearer token over HTTPS. The Canvas host, key permissions, and client type all affect whether the integration works.
Choose user authorization or LTI service authentication
For a web application acting on behalf of a Canvas user, use the OAuth authorization-code flow. It obtains authorization in the user’s context. Canvas documents a separate client-credentials flow for LTI Advantage services: a deployed tool authenticates with a signed JWT assertion and receives access to resources associated with that tool. That service flow is not a substitute for a user’s authorization to a general API integration. See the Canvas OAuth documentation.
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Get a developer key enabled for the right Canvas account
A developer key identifies the OAuth application; it includes a client ID and, for confidential clients, a client secret. On Canvas Cloud, an institution administrator issues and enables keys. An open-source Canvas installation can create credentials through site administration. A key created in a root account applies to that account and its subaccounts; globally created keys can work in accounts where they are enabled. Ask the institution administrator which key and Canvas host the integration should use.
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If the application serves several institutions, treat each institution’s Canvas host and applicable key configuration as distinct. Canvas’s OAuth guide specifically advises LTI providers to identify the institution-scoped key using launch information such as custom_canvas_api_domain; do not assume one institution’s key works across all Canvas installations.
Run the authorization-code flow
1. Send the user to their Canvas host
Redirect the user to GET https://<canvas-host>/login/oauth2/auth with the required query parameters:
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client_id: the developer key’s client ID.response_type=code: Canvas currently documentscodeas the supported response type.redirect_uri: the application’s registered callback URI.state: a fresh, unpredictable value associated with the user’s session.scope: the endpoint scopes the application needs, as permitted by the key.
Use the user’s own Canvas installation as the host. When authorization succeeds, Canvas redirects to the callback with a code and the supplied state. If the user denies access or authorization fails, the callback receives an error parameter instead. Verify the returned state against the value stored for that session before taking further action.
2. Exchange the code for tokens
Send a POST request to https://<canvas-host>/login/oauth2/token with grant_type=authorization_code, the client credentials appropriate to the client type, the returned code, and the same redirect URI if one was supplied during authorization. Keep the redirect URI consistent across the round trip. Canvas invalidates the authorization code after exchange, so if a later step fails and the code is no longer usable, restart authorization. Never put a confidential client secret in a public client.
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Canvas’s OAuth guide and OAuth endpoint reference describe the authorization and token endpoints.
Choose token handling based on client type
Confidential server-side applications
Keep client secrets and tokens in secure server-side storage. Canvas’s general OAuth guide says access tokens have a one-hour lifespan. For the confidential-client refresh flow it documents, send grant_type=refresh_token to the token endpoint; the response provides a new access token and the original refresh token is reused. Read the response’s expires_in value rather than assuming an access token remains valid indefinitely.
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Public apps, including SPAs and mobile apps
The Developer Keys API reference describes a client_type setting. Public clients require PKCE with the authorization-code flow, cannot use client credentials, and receive short-lived access tokens with rotating refresh tokens. This behavior is more specific than the general guide’s confidential-client refresh description: follow the behavior for the configured client type, and confirm that the target Canvas version and key configuration support the intended flow. See the Developer Keys API reference.
Send API requests without exposing tokens
Use the access token in the HTTP Authorization header over HTTPS:
Authorization: Bearer <access-token>Canvas supports tokens in query strings or POST parameters, but discourages those methods because URLs and request parameters can be logged or otherwise exposed. Avoid asking users to create personal access tokens for a multi-user application; Canvas’s OAuth guide says that practice violates its API policy. Handle authorization and refresh failures without writing secrets, authorization codes, or tokens to logs.
Check these causes when authorization or API calls fail
- Wrong host: the user is sent to a different Canvas installation than the one associated with the institution and key.
- Key not enabled: ask the Canvas administrator to confirm the key is enabled for the relevant account.
- Scope mismatch: compare requested scopes, key-granted endpoint scopes, and the endpoint being called.
- Redirect mismatch or expired code: use the same redirect URI in the authorization and token requests, and begin a fresh authorization if the one-time code has already been exchanged or invalidated.
- Incorrect client flow: use PKCE and rotating-refresh-token handling for a configured public client rather than assuming confidential-client behavior.
- Changed scopes: if an administrator removed a key scope, tokens derived from that key are invalidated and authorization may need to be repeated.
Canvas documentation is moving to the Instructure Developer Documentation Portal after July 1, 2026. During implementation, check the current documentation and verify behavior against the institution’s Canvas version and configuration; the linked legacy documentation pages may move.
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