For a single Linux VPS, run Grafana Mimir in monolithic mode. Grafana Labs supports two practical quick-start methods: download the Linux AMD64 binary or run the official Docker image. Both listen on TCP port 9009, accept Prometheus remote writes at /api/v1/push, and expose a Prometheus-compatible query endpoint at /prometheus. The filesystem configuration used by the quick start is for evaluation only; a durable production deployment needs external object storage, authentication, TLS, backups, and capacity planning.
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What you need before installing Mimir
This guide assumes one Linux VPS and a single Mimir process. Monolithic mode keeps all Mimir components in one process, which is the sensible starting point for a small server, lab, homelab, or development environment. It is not the same as a highly available distributed installation.
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- A 64-bit Linux VPS. The binary command below is for Linux AMD64.
- Administrative access for installing the executable, creating a service account, and opening or restricting network ports.
- Prometheus, if you want to send metrics immediately. Prometheus can run on the same VPS or on another host that can reach Mimir.
- Grafana, if you want dashboards and Explore queries.
- Enough disk space for your retention target. The demo uses
/tmp, which is not durable and may be cleared during reboot or by system cleanup.
Do not expose an unauthenticated demo instance directly to the public internet. Put it on a private network or behind a reverse proxy with authentication and TLS, and allow TCP 9009 only from the systems that must use it.
Choose binary, Docker, or Helm
| Method | Best fit | Operational overhead | Persistence and upgrades | Scaling |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux binary | One VPS, maximum control, minimal dependencies | You manage the user, directories, process supervisor, logs, and upgrades | You manage the config and storage paths directly; replace the executable during an upgrade and keep a rollback copy | Monolithic process; scale vertically or move to distributed components later |
| Docker | One VPS where Docker is already the standard runtime | Container lifecycle is simpler, but you still manage configuration, volumes, networking, and image updates | Bind mounts or named volumes must point to durable storage; pin image versions when reproducibility matters | Good for a repeatable single-node setup; distributed scaling still requires a larger architecture |
mimir-distributed Helm chart |
A Kubernetes node or cluster that needs Mimir’s distributed architecture | Highest: Kubernetes, Helm, storage classes, DNS, values files, and object-storage credentials | Persistent volumes and chart upgrades are managed through Kubernetes, but storage and compatibility remain your responsibility | Designed for separated Mimir components and cluster scheduling |
If this is genuinely one VPS rather than a Kubernetes cluster, choose the binary or Docker path. Helm is not a shortcut for a bare server.
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Install the Linux binary in monolithic mode
1. Create a dedicated account and directories
Run these commands as an administrator. A dedicated account prevents Mimir from running with unrestricted root privileges.
sudo useradd --system --home /var/lib/mimir --shell /usr/sbin/nologin mimir
sudo install -d -o mimir -g mimir /var/lib/mimir
sudo install -d -o mimir -g mimir /etc/mimir
sudo install -d -o mimir -g mimir /opt/mimirKeep configuration and data outside world-writable locations. The quick-start example uses /tmp/mimir only to make evaluation easy; use a persistent filesystem path for any instance whose data must survive a reboot.
2. Download and make the executable runnable
Grafana’s quick-start command downloads the latest Linux AMD64 release:
cd /opt/mimir
sudo curl -fLo mimir https://github.com/grafana/mimir/releases/latest/download/mimir-linux-amd64
sudo chmod 0755 mimir
sudo chown mimir:mimir mimirThe latest URL follows the current release. For a controlled production rollout, record the release you tested and retain the previous binary so you can roll back if an upgrade changes configuration behavior.
3. Create the monolithic configuration
Create /etc/mimir/demo.yaml from Grafana Labs’ documented monolithic quick-start configuration. The file used by that example has these important characteristics:
multitenancy_enabled: false.- Filesystem-backed blocks storage and filesystem-backed ruler storage under
/tmp/mimir. - Memberlist rings.
- An ingester replication factor of
1. - An HTTP listener on port
9009.
Use the complete configuration from the quick start for your Mimir release rather than deleting sections that appear unused. Mimir’s configuration schema evolves, and an apparently small omission can prevent startup or disable a component. The documented example explicitly warns: “Do not use this configuration in production. It is for demonstration purposes only.”
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For a disposable test, the demo’s /tmp paths are acceptable. For a persistent single VPS, change the blocks, ruler, and related working directories to a dedicated filesystem such as /var/lib/mimir, then give the mimir account ownership. That change improves durability, but it does not create redundancy or backups.
4. Start Mimir in the foreground
sudo -u mimir /opt/mimir/mimir --config.file=/etc/mimir/demo.yamlThe process should bind to HTTP port 9009. Keep this foreground run open while checking logs and connecting Prometheus. Stop it with Ctrl+C after the test; the service-supervision step below is what makes it restart automatically.
5. Run it with systemd
A process supervisor prevents an accidental terminal close from stopping Mimir and gives you a standard place to inspect status and logs. Create /etc/systemd/system/mimir.service:
[Unit]
Description=Grafana Mimir
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
User=mimir
Group=mimir
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/mimir
ExecStart=/opt/mimir/mimir --config.file=/etc/mimir/demo.yaml
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.targetThen load and start it:
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable --now mimir
sudo systemctl status mimir
sudo journalctl -u mimir -fThis is an operational starting point, not a complete hardening policy. Add filesystem permissions, resource limits, log retention, and your organization’s service restrictions before calling the host production-ready.
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Docker is convenient when you already operate services as containers. Create the network once:
docker network create grafanetPlace the complete monolithic demo configuration in a local file named demo.yaml, then run the official image:
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docker run --rm --name mimir --network grafanet --publish 9009:9009 --volume "$(pwd)"/demo.yaml:/etc/mimir/demo.yaml grafana/mimir:latest --config.file=/etc/mimir/demo.yamlThe command publishes container port 9009 on the VPS and mounts your configuration read-only by path (the mount itself is not declared read-only, so add the Docker read-only suffix if your workflow permits it). The --rm option removes the container when it exits; it does not preserve data. Put Mimir’s data directories on a host bind mount or named volume if you are not using the disposable /tmp example.
For a long-running service, use a restart policy or Compose-managed container, pin a tested image tag instead of latest, and back up the host storage. If Prometheus is another container on grafanet, it can reach Mimir at the service name and port inside that network.
Connect Prometheus to Mimir
Add a remote_write entry to Prometheus’ configuration:
remote_write:
- url: http://localhost:9009/api/v1/pushUse localhost only when Prometheus runs directly on the same VPS as the binary, or when its container network is configured so that localhost is the intended target. A Prometheus container on the grafanet Docker network should use the Mimir container name instead, for example http://mimir:9009/api/v1/push.
Reload Prometheus using the method appropriate to your installation. Watch Prometheus’ remote-write metrics and logs for connection or HTTP errors. A successful TCP connection alone does not prove that samples are being accepted; check the remote-write queue and Mimir logs as well.
The demo has multitenancy disabled, so you do not add an X-Scope-OrgID header for this basic setup. If you enable multitenancy later, configure tenant headers and authentication consistently in every writer and reader.
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Add Mimir as a Grafana data source
- Open Grafana and choose Connections, then Data sources.
- Select the Prometheus data-source type.
- For a local binary, enter
http://localhost:9009/prometheuswhen Grafana is on the same host. For Docker containers on the same network, enterhttp://mimir:9009/prometheus. - Save and test the data source.
- Open Explore, select the new data source, and run a PromQL query after Prometheus has remote-written samples.
If Grafana is on a different machine, replace localhost with a private DNS name or address reachable from Grafana. Do not publish the Mimir API openly just to make this URL work; use a private route or an authenticated reverse proxy.
Network and security decisions for a VPS
Restrict port 9009
Port 9009 is the documented HTTP port in the quick start. Permit it only from Prometheus, Grafana, administrators, or a reverse proxy. A public listener without authentication allows anyone who can reach it to attempt writes or queries.
Use TLS and authentication outside the demo
The demo configuration is intentionally minimal. Production access should terminate TLS and enforce authentication and authorization, either through Mimir’s supported settings or a properly configured reverse proxy. Protect both the write endpoint and the query endpoint; securing only Grafana does not secure direct API access.
Plan storage and retention
Filesystem blocks on one VPS are not a backup system. Set a retention policy based on scrape interval, series count, and disk capacity, monitor free space, and test restoration. A replication factor of 1 means a single process or disk failure can make the data unavailable.
When Helm and distributed Mimir make sense
Use the mimir-distributed Helm chart when the VPS is actually a Kubernetes node in a functioning cluster or when you need independently scalable Mimir components. Grafana’s quick-start Helm procedure specifies Kubernetes 1.32 or newer, Helm 3.8 or newer, persistent storage, working cluster DNS, and a single-node development floor of at least 4 CPU cores and 16 GiB of RAM. It is primarily intended for local or development setups.
A Kubernetes node by itself is not enough. You also need a working control plane, storage provisioning, networking, DNS, and credentials for object storage. Follow the chart’s values and version requirements for the exact Mimir release you deploy; do not copy a values file from an unrelated version.
Production Helm storage
For production, Grafana’s guidance requires replacing the chart’s demonstration MinIO with external object storage. Supported categories include Amazon S3-compatible storage, Google Cloud Storage, Azure Blob Storage, and OpenStack Swift. The chart’s single-node Kafka arrangement is also for demonstration purposes, not a production availability design.
Choose distributed Mimir only after you can operate those dependencies. If your requirement is simply to retain metrics from a few servers, a carefully secured monolithic process on a VPS is substantially easier to understand and recover.
Production-readiness checklist
- Durability: store blocks and ruler data on persistent storage, not
/tmp. - Object storage: use an external S3-compatible, Google Cloud Storage, Azure Blob, or OpenStack Swift backend for a production distributed deployment.
- Availability: do not treat replication factor 1 as high availability; design replicas and failure domains around your service-level objective.
- Security: restrict port 9009, require TLS, configure authentication and authorization, and protect object-storage credentials.
- Operations: run under a dedicated account, supervise the process, collect logs, monitor disk and memory, and test upgrades and rollback.
- Backups: back up configuration, rules, credentials, and any local state that is not reproducible; verify that a restore actually produces queryable data.
- Capacity: estimate ingestion rate, active series, retention, query concurrency, and compaction overhead before selecting CPU, RAM, and storage.
Troubleshooting common installation failures
Mimir exits immediately after startup
Run the binary in the foreground and read the first configuration error. Check that the file path passed to --config.file exists, that YAML indentation is valid, and that the configuration matches your Mimir binary version. With systemd, use journalctl -u mimir; with Docker, inspect the container output.
Port 9009 is already in use
Identify the process listening on 9009, then either stop the conflicting service or change Mimir’s HTTP listener and update every Prometheus, Grafana, firewall, and reverse-proxy reference to the new port. Changing only one side produces connection failures that look like an ingestion problem.
Prometheus cannot remote-write
Verify the URL from Prometheus’ network namespace. Use localhost only when it resolves to the Mimir process from Prometheus itself; containers generally need the Mimir container name on their shared network. Then check firewall rules, Mimir logs, and Prometheus’ remote-write queue.
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Grafana’s data-source test fails
Grafana must be able to reach the URL from the Grafana server, not from your browser. Confirm that the path ends in /prometheus, that port 9009 is reachable from Grafana, and that any reverse proxy forwards both the path and required headers.
Data disappears after a reboot
This is expected when using the documented demo’s /tmp/mimir directories or a container without a persistent volume. Move storage to a dedicated persistent path, update ownership and configuration, and restore from a known backup if the old files are gone.
The VPS runs out of disk or memory
Reduce retention only after confirming its effect on your monitoring requirements, remove unnecessary test series, and measure ingestion and compaction load. Add disk or memory capacity based on observed workload rather than assuming the demo’s resource use represents production.
Recommended path for most single-VPS installations
Start with the Linux binary if you want the fewest moving parts: create a dedicated account, download the AMD64 executable, use Grafana’s complete monolithic demo configuration for evaluation, and supervise it with systemd. Choose Docker when container operations are already part of your VPS workflow. Move to mimir-distributed Helm only when Kubernetes and external object storage are deliberate requirements, not because they seem more advanced.
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