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How to Install and Run Linux Tools on Windows 11 Without a Virtual Machine

Use WSL to run Linux tools alongside Windows 11 without creating a traditional VM. Install Ubuntu with one command, or choose another distribution.
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To run Linux tools on Windows 11 without creating and managing a separate virtual machine, install the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL). Microsoft’s one-command setup installs Ubuntu by default, so you can open a Linux shell alongside your Windows desktop. One important distinction: WSL 2—the default for this setup—uses virtualization components under the hood, even though you do not have to set up a conventional VM yourself.

What “without a virtual machine” means with WSL

Microsoft Learn describes WSL as a way to run a GNU/Linux environment, including most command-line tools, utilities, and applications, directly on Windows without the overhead of a traditional virtual-machine or dual-boot setup. That means you can use Linux tools from Windows without creating and managing a separate VM in the usual way.

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It does not mean WSL 2 runs without virtualization. Microsoft says WSL 2 uses the Virtual Machine Platform, a component based on a subset of Hyper-V architecture. WSL 2 is available on Windows 11 Home as well as other Windows 11 editions.

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Install WSL and Ubuntu on Windows 11

  1. Open PowerShell as an administrator. Run:

    wsl --install

  2. Restart Windows if prompted. Microsoft’s command enables the required WSL and Virtual Machine Platform components and installs Ubuntu by default. It also sets WSL 2 as the default for the streamlined installation.

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  3. After restarting, launch Ubuntu from the Start menu if it does not open automatically. Wait for setup to unpack its files, then create the Linux username and password it requests. These credentials belong to the Linux distribution; they are separate from your Windows sign-in.

  4. Update Ubuntu’s package lists and installed packages:

    sudo apt update
    sudo apt upgrade

    These are Ubuntu commands. Other Linux distributions use their own package managers and update commands.

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Microsoft’s WSL installation guide documents the install command and first-run setup.

Choose another Linux distribution

If you do not want the default Ubuntu distribution, list the distributions available through WSL and install one by its listed name:

  1. In PowerShell or Command Prompt, run wsl --list --online.

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  2. Install the distribution you want, substituting its exact listed name for <DistributionName>:

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    wsl --install -d <DistributionName>

The Microsoft WSL basic commands reference covers listing and installing distributions. Ubuntu is a straightforward default, but the right choice depends on the software and workflow you need; the install command alone does not make one distribution best for everyone.

Open Linux tools and work with Windows files

Start your distribution from the Start menu or open it in Windows Terminal to get a Linux shell. From there, run Linux command-line tools as you would in that distribution. WSL also supports interoperability between Windows and Linux, so you can use tools across the two environments.

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For a Linux-oriented development workflow, keep active project files in the Linux filesystem. When you need Windows files, access them from Linux through the mounted Windows paths. Microsoft’s WSL file-system guidance explains how the two environments’ filesystems are accessed.

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Check or manage your WSL installation

Run these commands from PowerShell or Command Prompt. If you need to call the Windows WSL executable from inside Linux, use wsl.exe.

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Task Command
See installed distributions and their WSL versions wsl --list --verbose
Convert a distribution to WSL 2 wsl --set-version <DistributionName> 2
Update WSL wsl --update
Stop running WSL distributions wsl --shutdown

Use the conversion command only when you have a reason to change that distribution’s version. Microsoft’s command reference includes the current syntax and details.

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When WSL 2 or Linux GUI apps matter

For the default setup, WSL 2 is the practical starting point. It is selected by wsl --install and is required for Linux GUI application support. WSL 1 may be relevant for a particular compatibility or filesystem-performance need, but the right choice depends on the workload; consult Microsoft’s WSL 1 and WSL 2 comparison before switching versions.

WSL 2 can run supported Linux GUI applications integrated with Windows, but it does not provide a complete Linux desktop environment. Microsoft’s documented GUI configuration requires Windows 11 or Windows 10 build 19044 or later and an installed graphics driver; GUI applications do not work in WSL 1. See Run Linux GUI apps with WSL for the documented prerequisites and behavior.

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