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1Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems2Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitches3Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsInstall SilverStripe on a VPS by provisioning PHP 8.1–8.3 with the required extensions, creating the project with Composer, pointing your web server at the project’s public/ directory, configuring a root-level .env file, and running vendor/bin/sake dev/build. The most important security decision is also the easiest to miss: never make the project root the webroot.
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What you need before installing
SilverStripe CMS 5.2 and later requires PHP 8.1, 8.2, or 8.3 according to the current Silverstripe CMS Server Requirements documentation, accessed in 2026. Check the PHP version supplied by your VPS image and the version used by both the command line and PHP-FPM; installing a supported version for only one of those services is a common cause of confusing failures.
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The VPS must also provide these PHP extensions:
ctypedomfileinfohashintlmbstringsessionsimplexmltokenizerxml
Set PHP’s memory_limit to at least 48M. You also need either the GD or Imagick image extension, a database connector, and Composer 2. SilverStripe’s commercially supported database engines are MySQL and MariaDB. PostgreSQL, SQL Server, and SQLite are available as third-party or community-supported options, so confirm module compatibility before choosing one.
Choose VPS capacity from the site’s expected traffic, uploaded-asset volume, scheduled jobs, and database workload. The documented requirements do not establish a universal CPU, RAM, storage, or traffic recommendation. Leave enough disk space for the operating system, database, Composer dependencies, logs, backups, and media growth. Do not present a small advertised VPS plan as a guaranteed SilverStripe specification; measure the actual application and leave room for growth.
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Decide how the server will be reached
Point the site’s DNS name at the VPS before the final verification, or plan to use a temporary host name while installing. Decide whether TLS terminates directly on Apache or Nginx, at a reverse proxy, or at a CDN. That decision affects forwarded headers, redirects, and the host name SilverStripe uses in generated links. If a proxy is involved, document which proxy addresses are trusted before exposing the site.
Prepare a deployment account
Use a non-root deployment account with SSH access and administrative privileges through sudo. Install your distribution’s supported PHP-FPM package, database server or remote database access, web server, Git if you deploy from a repository, and Composer 2. Keep the operating system and PHP security updates current. Create a firewall policy that permits only the services you actually publish, and arrange a backup destination separate from the live VPS.
Confirm PHP and Composer
Before creating the project, check the active command-line PHP version and loaded modules. The PHP used by the shell, PHP-FPM, and the web server should be compatible; mismatches can produce “missing extension,” image-processing, or memory errors even when one PHP installation looks correct. Confirm Composer reports version 2 and that it can write to the directory where the site will live. If your provider supplies several PHP minors, select one supported minor and use it consistently for Composer, PHP-FPM, and maintenance commands.
Create the SilverStripe project with Composer
SilverStripe is installed through Composer, which manages the framework and its modules. As Silverstripe CMS documentation states, “Silverstripe is installed via Composer, a package management tool for PHP that lets you install and upgrade the framework and other modules.” Move into the directory where deployments are stored, then run:
composer create-project silverstripe/installer my-projectThis command creates my-project, downloads the installer and Composer-managed dependencies, and creates the project structure. Run it as the deployment account, not as an arbitrary web-server process. The deployment account should own the project files, while the web-server user receives only the access it needs.
Keep the resulting Composer metadata and lockfile with the release. A repeatable deployment should install the exact dependency set selected for that release rather than resolving a different set on the live server. If the site is built in continuous integration, let the build environment create the package and transfer that package to the VPS. This keeps dependency resolution and generated resources deterministic and makes it possible to identify exactly what was deployed.
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The web-accessible portion is my-project/public/. Silverstripe’s Server Requirements documentation says, “The webroot of your webserver should be configured to the public/ subfolder.” Application code, the vendor/ directory, configuration, and deployment files stay above that boundary. A typical layout is:
| Path | Purpose | Publicly routable? |
|---|---|---|
my-project/public/ |
Document root, front controller, public assets | Yes |
my-project/public/index.php |
Entry point for framework requests | Yes |
my-project/public/assets/ |
Uploaded and generated public files | Yes, with restrictions |
my-project/vendor/ |
Composer dependencies | No |
my-project/app/ |
Application code and project classes | No |
my-project/.env |
Environment and database secrets | No |
Do not solve a routing problem by changing the document root to my-project/. That would make application code, Composer packages, and possibly credentials reachable through HTTP. If another virtual host, alias, backup browser, or staging rule points at the project root, remove it or restrict it before DNS is switched to the VPS.
Create the database and environment configuration
Create the database and a dedicated database user using your database administrator’s tools. Grant that user only the privileges required by the application. A database on the same VPS can be bound to the local interface; a managed or separate database normally requires its private hostname, port, TLS settings, firewall allowance, and a user permitted to connect from the web server’s address. Record backup and restore procedures before importing production content.
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Create .env in the project root, not inside public/. A starting configuration is:
SS_DATABASE_CLASS="MySQLDatabase"
SS_DATABASE_NAME="<database>"
SS_DATABASE_SERVER="localhost"
SS_DATABASE_USERNAME="<user>"
SS_DATABASE_PASSWORD="<password>"
SS_DEFAULT_ADMIN_USERNAME="admin"
SS_DEFAULT_ADMIN_PASSWORD="<strong-password>"
SS_ENVIRONMENT_TYPE="live"Replace every angle-bracket value with the real database name, account, and secret. Use a long, unique administrator password and protect the file with restrictive permissions. Do not commit .env to a public repository, place it under public/, or paste its contents into support tickets. Keep production secrets in the deployment system’s protected secret store when possible, and write the file only during release installation.
Database connection choices
For a database on the same VPS, localhost is a common server value. A managed or separate database normally requires its private hostname, port, TLS settings, firewall allowance, and a user permitted to connect from the web server’s address. The exact environment variables beyond the basic example depend on the database driver and deployment design; follow the driver’s documented configuration rather than copying settings intended for another engine. If selecting PostgreSQL, SQL Server, or SQLite, treat the choice as community-supported and verify that every module and recipe in your project supports it.
Build SilverStripe’s schema
From the project root, run:
vendor/bin/sake dev/buildThe task creates or updates the database schema and initial data. Watch the command output for connection failures, missing PHP extensions, permission errors, and module-specific migration errors. After a successful build, open the site’s domain and sign in at /admin. Test with the public host name, not only a local address, so that routing, TLS, and proxy behavior are exercised at the same time.
Use a controlled production workflow
Run schema changes deliberately during deployment. Take a database backup before upgrades, ensure the release contains the matching Composer lockfile and application code, and keep a rollback plan for both files and database changes. A database rollback is not always equivalent to restoring files, so record which schema changes were applied and who approved them. If the deployment is built in continuous integration, transfer the resulting package rather than running an uncontrolled Composer install directly in the live web directory.
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Set Apache’s virtual host document root to the absolute path ending in my-project/public/. SilverStripe’s supplied public/.htaccess and public/assets/.htaccess provide the expected routing and asset behavior, but Apache must have mod_rewrite enabled and allow the directory’s override rules. The official quickstart is Apache-oriented, so this is usually the shortest path when your team already manages Apache virtual hosts.
Silverstripe CMS expects URL paths to be rewritten to public/index.php. Requests that do not map to an existing permitted file must reach that front controller. Confirm the virtual host, directory permissions, PHP-FPM or Apache PHP integration, and TLS configuration. A 404 for every CMS route with the home page working usually indicates that rewrite rules are not being applied. A download of PHP source instead of execution indicates that PHP handling is wrong and must be corrected before the site is exposed.
Configure Nginx
Nginx does not consume Apache’s .htaccess files. Set the server block’s root to my-project/public/, connect PHP requests to the correct PHP-FPM socket or upstream, and explicitly route framework requests to public/index.php. Adapt the socket path, server name, TLS settings, upload limits, and deny rules to your VPS distribution. Keep the configuration in deployment automation or version control so a replacement VPS receives the same behavior.
Handle assets safely
The official file-security example uses behavior equivalent to:
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location ^~ /assets/ {
sendfile on;
try_files $uri =404;
}Existing files are served directly while missing asset paths return 404; other requests continue to the framework. Do not copy a generic Nginx configuration without checking its interaction with PHP execution, dotfiles, backups, and symbolic links. Uploaded assets must never be executable as PHP. Apply explicit rules for protected files and make sure a broad fallback does not accidentally send a sensitive path to the interpreter.
Permissions, protected assets, and secrets
The web-server user needs read access to the public webroot and write access to public/assets/ and the temporary or cache locations used by the application. Avoid making the entire project recursively writable by the web server. Keep ownership with the deployment account and grant narrowly scoped group or ACL access where needed. After a deployment, verify both a normal page request and an upload; read access alone is not enough for generated thumbnails or managed files.
Projects using GraphQL may also need .graphql-generated and public/_graphql handled during build or deployment. Generated resources such as public/_resources/, recipe-generated files, and GraphQL schema directories must either be included in the release package or generated deterministically as part of deployment. A release that omits these directories can appear healthy on the home page while a particular module or GraphQL endpoint fails.
Do not expose app/, vendor/, configuration, or the project root through a second virtual host or alias. Protected assets should not be directly downloadable. For stronger isolation, set:
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SS_PROTECTED_ASSETS_PATH="../.protected/"This places the protected store outside public/. Also deny direct requests to sensitive files, disable script execution in upload directories, and check that error pages do not reveal environment variables, stack traces, or filesystem paths. Test a known protected file from an unauthenticated browser and confirm that the response is denied rather than merely hidden from a page.
Reverse proxies, CDNs, and HTTPS
When a proxy or CDN sits in front of the VPS, preserve valid host handling and the relevant HTTP headers. SilverStripe uses the Host header when constructing links such as password-reset URLs. Incorrect forwarded-host or HTTPS information can therefore generate links pointing to an internal hostname, the wrong scheme, or an unexpected domain.
Terminate TLS at the intended layer, redirect HTTP to HTTPS, and ensure the origin only trusts forwarded headers from your proxy. Test administrator login, password-reset links, canonical URLs, redirects, and asset URLs through the public hostname rather than only from localhost. If several host names reach the same server, decide which one is canonical and prevent arbitrary host headers from becoming generated links.
Deployment, hosting, and ongoing maintenance
A production workflow can build a package in CI and deploy it to the VPS. Include Composer-managed dependencies, application code, and required generated resources in a predictable artifact. Composer modules normally remain in vendor/ outside the public webroot, while required front-end assets are mapped into public/_resources/. Recipe-generated files and GraphQL directories must be generated or copied consistently on every release.
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Silverstripe’s hosting guidance describes connecting source repositories to hosting servers and directs operators to verify server requirements. A managed VPS or SilverStripe-capable host can reduce administration, but compatibility, geography, current pricing, support boundaries, and affiliate terms must be verified directly with the provider before recommending or linking to one. There is no documented universal VPS price or hardware size for every SilverStripe site; select a plan from measured workload and expand it when traffic, media, jobs, or database activity requires more capacity.
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Maintain a schedule for operating-system and PHP security updates, Composer dependency review, database backups, log retention, and restoration tests. Keep deployment artifacts and configuration history separate from the live document root. Recheck permissions after upgrades because a package extraction or manual troubleshooting change can accidentally make the whole project writable by the web-server account.
Deployment checklist for a VPS
- Verify PHP 8.1–8.3, the required extensions, GD or Imagick, at least 48M memory, a database connector, and Composer 2.
- Choose VPS capacity from traffic, assets, jobs, and database workload rather than an assumed universal size.
- Create the database, least-privilege database user, deployment account, firewall rules, DNS plan, and TLS certificate.
- Run
composer create-project silverstripe/installer my-projectoutside the public directory. - Keep the Composer lockfile and release artifact available for repeatable deployment.
- Create the root-level
.envwith production credentials and restrictive file permissions. - Point Apache or Nginx at
my-project/public/, notmy-project/. - Enable Apache rewrite support or implement equivalent Nginx front-controller rules.
- Grant the web server only the required read and write access.
- Run
vendor/bin/sake dev/build. - Generate or include
public/_resources/, GraphQL directories, and other recipe-generated files when applicable. - Verify the home page,
/admin, database connectivity, uploads, rewrites, error pages, and protected-asset behavior. - Test public-host links through any reverse proxy or CDN.
- Record backups, logs, deployment artifacts, and a tested rollback procedure.
Troubleshooting common installation failures
“Class” or extension errors during Composer or build
Check the PHP binary used by Composer and compare its loaded modules with the PHP-FPM service. Install the missing extension for the same PHP minor version, restart PHP-FPM, and rerun the command. A module installed for another PHP version does not satisfy the running application. Also check the memory_limit and image extension when failures occur during image processing or dependency installation.
The home page works but internal URLs return 404
Apache may lack mod_rewrite or permission to read .htaccess. On Nginx, add an explicit fallback to public/index.php; Nginx will not read Apache rewrite files. Confirm that the active virtual host, rather than a default server block, points to public/.
Uploads fail or generated files are missing
Check ownership and write access for public/assets/, temporary directories, and any GraphQL or generated-resource paths used by the project. Confirm disk space and PHP upload limits, then inspect the application and web-server logs. If only some features fail, compare the deployed artifact with the generated directories expected by that module.
The site exposes files or secrets
Recheck the document root, aliases, directory listings, dotfile denial rules, and upload execution restrictions. Move .env and protected storage outside the public tree and remove any alternate virtual host that points at the project root. Request a representative sensitive path directly; do not rely solely on the absence of links in the site navigation.
Password-reset links use the wrong domain
Inspect proxy handling for the Host, scheme, and forwarded headers. Test from the public HTTPS hostname and configure the proxy trust boundary so arbitrary clients cannot spoof those headers. Check canonical redirects and asset URLs as well, since the same host and scheme mistake can affect every generated link.
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Admin login or HTTPS redirects loop
Check which layer terminates TLS and whether the origin receives the correct forwarded scheme. A proxy that strips or rewrites headers inconsistently can make SilverStripe believe every request is HTTP or belongs to another host. Test the origin and public endpoint separately, then allow forwarded values only from the known proxy.
A deployment works once but not after replacement
Compare generated-resource directories, Composer dependencies, environment secrets, PHP-FPM versions, and web-server configuration between the working and replacement hosts. Build those inputs deterministically and keep them in the release process instead of relying on files created manually on the first VPS.
Apache or Nginx: which should you choose?
| Decision area | Apache | Nginx |
|---|---|---|
| Rewrite rules | Uses supplied .htaccess files with mod_rewrite. |
Requires equivalent rules in the server configuration. |
| PHP integration | Use the PHP integration already standardized on your VPS. | Usually passes dynamic requests to PHP-FPM. |
| Assets and protected files | Apply the supplied asset rules and directory restrictions. | Define explicit location blocks, execution denials, and front-controller fallback. |
| Proxy and TLS | Works with common reverse-proxy arrangements when headers are preserved. | Offers explicit server-block control; header trust still needs careful configuration. |
| Automation | Convenient when your deployment process already manages virtual hosts and modules. | Convenient when server blocks and PHP-FPM settings are generated as code. |
Compare the two servers on rewrite expression, PHP-FPM integration, asset and protected-file handling, TLS and reverse-proxy integration, and how reproducibly the configuration can be automated. Neither server is automatically the correct choice. Select the one your team can patch, monitor, reproduce, and troubleshoot consistently. The official quickstart is Apache-oriented, while Nginx requires the equivalent routing and security behavior to be written explicitly.
What to verify after every release
- Public pages load over HTTPS and redirect correctly from HTTP.
/adminaccepts the intended administrator credentials.- Database reads and writes succeed.
- Image and document uploads work without permitting script execution.
- Existing assets are served while missing paths return 404.
- Protected assets cannot be fetched directly.
- GraphQL and generated resources, when used, exist in the release.
- Error pages do not disclose secrets or internal paths.
- Password-reset and canonical links use the public hostname.
- Logs, backups, and rollback artifacts are available to the operator.
Frequently Asked Questions
Should the SilverStripe webroot point to the project root?
No. Configure Apache or Nginx to use the project’s public/ directory. Keeping app/, vendor/, configuration, and secrets above that boundary is a core security requirement.
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The current Silverstripe CMS Server Requirements documentation lists PHP 8.1–8.3. Use the same supported minor version for command-line PHP, PHP-FPM, and web requests, with at least a 48M memory_limit.
Which PHP extensions and database are required?
Install ctype, dom, fileinfo, hash, intl, mbstring, session, simplexml, tokenizer, and xml, plus GD or Imagick, a database connector, and Composer 2. MySQL and MariaDB are commercially supported; PostgreSQL, SQL Server, and SQLite are community-supported choices.
Can I use PostgreSQL or SQLite?
They are third-party or community-supported choices. Verify driver, module, and recipe compatibility before deployment rather than assuming every SilverStripe package supports them.
Why does Nginx ignore my .htaccess file?
Nginx does not process Apache .htaccess files. Put equivalent front-controller, asset, and denial rules in the Nginx server configuration and pass dynamic requests to PHP-FPM.
Where should protected assets be stored?
For stronger isolation, configure SS_PROTECTED_ASSETS_PATH="../.protected/" so the protected store is outside the public directory, then verify direct requests are denied.
What must the web-server user be allowed to write?
Grant write access to public/assets/ and the temporary, cache, GraphQL, or generated-resource locations your project actually uses. Do not make the entire project recursively writable.
How large should my VPS be, and what will it cost?
The documented requirements do not specify a universal CPU, RAM, storage, traffic, or price. Size the VPS from expected traffic, media volume, scheduled jobs, and database workload, then verify current provider pricing and SilverStripe compatibility.
What should I test after installation?
Run vendor/bin/sake dev/build, then test the home page, /admin, database reads and writes, uploads, rewrites, missing-file responses, protected assets, generated resources, error pages, and password-reset links through the public HTTPS host.
The Bottom Line
A secure SilverStripe VPS installation is mainly a matter of boundaries and repeatability: use a supported PHP 8.1–8.3 environment, install with Composer 2, keep .env, app/, and vendor/ above the public/ webroot, route requests to public/index.php, grant narrow write permissions, and verify every generated and protected asset after deployment. Apache can use SilverStripe’s supplied rewrite files; Nginx must implement equivalent rules explicitly.
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