To generate a dynamic Open Graph (OG) image, render a social-card image from page-specific data at a public URL, then put that absolute URL in the page’s og:image metadata. In a Next.js App Router project, the simplest route-based option is an opengraph-image.tsx file using ImageResponse. Use a reusable serverless endpoint when you want one image route to accept changing content.
How a dynamic OG image from a URL works
The URL is the address of the image response—not, by itself, a command to turn an arbitrary webpage into a social image. Your application renders an image using trusted page data, serves it at a publicly fetchable URL, and points the shared page’s OG metadata to that image URL. Generating the file without connecting it to the page’s metadata does not attach it to a share.
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- Choose a route that can render the card: a framework metadata-image file or a reusable endpoint.
- Read the page-specific values, such as its title or author, from your application’s data source.
- Render a fixed-size image and return it with the appropriate image content type.
- Set the page’s
og:imageto the absolute URL of that route. - Check that the route is reachable by social crawlers and that its cache policy matches how often the source content changes.
Choose an implementation path
| Approach | Best suited to | Trade-off |
|---|---|---|
Next.js opengraph-image.tsx and ImageResponse |
Next.js App Router pages where the image belongs to a route or its data | Framework-native metadata integration; generated images are statically optimized by default unless dynamic APIs, uncached data, or route configuration change that behavior. |
@vercel/og in a Vercel Function |
A reusable image endpoint that accepts changing content, including for an application not using the Next.js metadata-file convention | Requires a deployed function and a deliberate request-parameter, runtime, and caching design. |
| Browser screenshot pipeline | Cards that must reproduce a live webpage’s browser-level layout | Uses a browser rendering approach rather than the restricted layout engine described below; implementation details and costs depend on the pipeline. |
Vercel’s OG guide recommends 1200×630 pixels and describes @vercel/og as converting HTML/CSS-like content to PNG using Satori and Resvg. Vercel’s OG image generation guide documents the supported approach and its limitations.
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Generate an image with Next.js App Router
Create app/opengraph-image.tsx for a site-wide image, or put the file in a route segment to associate the image with that route. Next.js recognizes opengraph-image.js, .ts, and .tsx as code-generated metadata image routes. This example uses fixed text to keep the rendering minimal; replace it with validated data for the relevant page.
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import { ImageResponse } from 'next/og'
export const size = { width: 1200, height: 630 }
export const contentType = 'image/png'
export const alt = 'A social card for Example Article'
export default function OpenGraphImage() {
return new ImageResponse(
(
<div
style={{
width: '100%',
height: '100%',
display: 'flex',
flexDirection: 'column',
justifyContent: 'center',
padding: 72,
background: '#101827',
color: '#ffffff',
fontSize: 64,
fontWeight: 700,
}}
>
<div style={{ display: 'flex', fontSize: 24, color: '#a5b4fc' }}>
EXAMPLE SITE
</div>
<div style={{ display: 'flex', marginTop: 24 }}>
Example Article
</div>
</div>
),
{ ...size },
)
}Next.js documents exporting dimensions, content type, and alt text for generated metadata images. The route’s metadata integration supplies the image reference; if you implement a separate endpoint instead, explicitly set its public absolute URL in the page metadata. See the Next.js Open Graph and Twitter image file reference for the current convention and route behavior.
Make the card dynamic
Use the route’s page data or a server-side data source to obtain the title, author, or other values. For a reusable endpoint, query parameters can carry a record identifier or narrowly defined display values. Validate values and constrain what can be fetched: do not accept arbitrary markup or allow untrusted parameters to make the renderer load arbitrary remote resources. Keep the visual template fixed and insert only the data the card needs.
Connect the image URL to Open Graph metadata
The generated route must be referenced by the shared page. For a Next.js page, use the Metadata API or the file convention so the rendered document includes the image reference. A page using an external endpoint should emit an absolute, publicly accessible image URL in its metadata, for example:
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<meta property="og:image" content="https://example.com/articles/example/opengraph-image">Use the actual deployed image route, not the example domain. The metadata belongs to the page being shared; the image route is the resource the crawler must fetch separately.
Design within the renderer’s limits
ImageResponse accepts JSX-like markup and supports common layouts, custom fonts, text wrapping, centering, and nested images, but it does not provide a full browser’s CSS implementation. Vercel’s guide notes that CSS Grid is unsupported and documents runtime and configuration caveats. Satori itself warns that SVG output is not guaranteed to match browser-rendered HTML because it uses its own layout engine. Satori’s project documentation explains that distinction.
- Prefer simple flexbox layouts and test the rendered result in the deployed environment.
- Keep title length in mind: wrap or reduce text deliberately rather than assuming browser line breaking will match.
- Use assets and fonts supported by the route’s runtime; verify any external or nested image can be fetched when the image is generated.
- If the design depends on complex CSS or must mirror a live webpage exactly, evaluate a browser screenshot pipeline instead of assuming
ImageResponseis pixel-identical.
Set cache behavior and crawler access
Decide whether an image can remain stable for a long period or must reflect updated source content. Next.js says generated metadata images are statically optimized and cached by default unless dynamic APIs, uncached data, or dynamic route configuration changes that behavior; its specialized route handlers are also cached by default. Confirm the behavior for the framework version and route configuration you deploy using the Next.js metadata image documentation.
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If content changes but a generated image is cached, the old card can continue to be served until the relevant cache expires or is revalidated. Choose a freshness policy that fits the content, and avoid making a route dynamic without considering the extra rendering and data-fetching work. Vercel recommends allowing OG image API routes in robots.txt so social providers can fetch them; this is a recommendation, not a guarantee that every platform will crawl or display the image the same way. See Vercel’s crawler guidance.
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- The share has no image: Check that the page metadata contains an absolute
og:imageURL and that it points to the generated image route, not the page URL. - The image route fails in a crawler: Confirm the deployed route is publicly reachable without a user session and that access rules do not block social-provider requests. Check the crawler guidance and
robots.txtrecommendation in Vercel’s OG guide. - The image still shows old content: Review static optimization, route caching, and data-fetching behavior; adjust revalidation or dynamic configuration to match the required freshness.
- The layout differs from a browser preview: Simplify unsupported CSS, particularly Grid-dependent layouts, and validate with the image renderer. Satori does not promise browser-identical rendering.
- Text or assets are missing: Check that the data source and any nested image or font are available to the deployed renderer, and keep remote input constrained and trusted.
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For example, this cURL request saves a WebP screenshot of a page. Replace the example URL with the page you are allowed to capture and supply your API key. See the ScreenshotNeo API documentation for parameters and response details.
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FAQ
Does generating an image route automatically make it the page’s OG image?
No. The page metadata must reference the image route’s public URL.
Will an OG image made with ImageResponse look exactly like the same HTML in Chrome?
Not necessarily. Satori uses its own layout engine and supports only a subset of CSS, so validate the output in the renderer.
Can I use a screenshot service to reproduce a complex webpage as an OG image?
A screenshot service captures a rendered page rather than generating a card from structured page data. That can suit browser-layout fidelity, but the result still needs a stable, public image URL connected to the page’s metadata.
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